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RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue/cell line enriched, group enriched, tissue/cell line enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data from cancer tissues and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data from normal tissues and cell lines.
TCGA (cancer tissue):
Expressed in all
HPA (cell line):
Expressed in all
HPA (normal tissue):
Expressed in all
Protein evidencei
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
Protein expression normal tissuei
A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.
"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
Reliability score (score description), divided into Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between antibody staining pattern, available RNA-Seq and gene/protein characterization data, as well as similarity between independent antibodies targeting the same protein.
Kaplan-Meier plots for all cancers where high expression of this gene has significant (p<0.001) association with patient survival are shown in this summary. Whether the prognosis is favourable or unfavourable is indicated in brackets. Each Kaplan-Meier plot is clickable and redirects to a detailed page that includes individual expression and survival data for patients with the selected cancer.
Gene product is not prognostic.
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RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi
RNA expression overview shows RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
TCGA dataseti
RNA-seq data in 17 cancer types are reported as median FPKM (number Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Million reads), generated by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RNA cancer tissue category is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all 17 cancer tissues and include: cancer tissue enriched, cancer group enriched, cancer tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. To access cancer specific RNA and prognostic data, click on the cancer name. The cancer types are color-coded according to which type of normal organ the cancer originates from.
Antibody staining in 20 different cancers is summarized by a selection of four standard cancer tissue samples representative of the overall staining pattern. From left: colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. An additional fifth image can be added as a complement. The assay and annotation is described here. Note that samples used for immunohistochemistry by the Human Protein Atlas do not correspond to samples in the TCGA dataset.
For each cancer, color-coded bars indicate the percentage of patients (maximum 12 patients) with high and medium protein expression level. The cancer types are color-coded according to which type of normal organ the cancer originates from. Low or not detected protein expression results in a white bar. Mouse-over function shows details about expression level and normal tissue of origin. The images and annotations can be accessed by clicking on the cancer name or protein expression bar. If more than one antibody is analyzed, the tabs at the top of the staining summary section can be used to toggle between the different antibodies.
Most of the tumour cells displayed moderate cytoplasmic and occasional nuclear/nucleolar positivity. Many cases of lymphomas, gliomas and testicular cancers were negative or weakly stained.
Rare case of lung cancer displayed strong cytoplasmic and membranous positivity. Few cases of ovarian, endometrial, cervical, prostate, stomach and pancreatic cancers were moderately stained. Remaining cancer tissues were weakly stained or negative.
Strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was observed in prostate cancer and several cases of ovarian and lung cancer. Skin and testicular cancers were mainly negative. Other tumours showed weak to moderate cytoplasmic positivity.
GENE INFORMATIONi
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name
BAD (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
BBC2, BCL2L8
Description
BCL2 associated agonist of cell death (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BCL-2 family. BCL-2 family members are known to be regulators of programmed cell death. This protein positively regulates cell apoptosis by forming heterodimers with BCL-xL and BCL-2, and reversing their death repressor activity. Proapoptotic activity of this protein is regulated through its phosphorylation. Protein kinases AKT and MAP kinase, as well as protein phosphatase calcineurin were found to be involved in the regulation of this protein. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode the same isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
BAD-001
BAD-002
BAD-003
BAD-004
BAD-005
BAD-008
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Q92934 [Direct mapping] Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death A0A024R562 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] BCL2-antagonist of cell death, isoform CRA_c
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Predicted intracellular proteins RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0001844 [protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005543 [phospholipid binding] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] GO:0005741 [mitochondrial outer membrane] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0006919 [activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process] GO:0008289 [lipid binding] GO:0008656 [cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process] GO:0010508 [positive regulation of autophagy] GO:0010918 [positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding] GO:0032024 [positive regulation of insulin secretion] GO:0033133 [positive regulation of glucokinase activity] GO:0042593 [glucose homeostasis] GO:0043065 [positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043280 [positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process] GO:0044342 [type B pancreatic cell proliferation] GO:0045862 [positive regulation of proteolysis] GO:0045918 [negative regulation of cytolysis] GO:0046031 [ADP metabolic process] GO:0046034 [ATP metabolic process] GO:0046902 [regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability] GO:0046931 [pore complex assembly] GO:0050679 [positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation] GO:0071260 [cellular response to mechanical stimulus] GO:0071316 [cellular response to nicotine] GO:0071456 [cellular response to hypoxia] GO:0090200 [positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria] GO:0097191 [extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway] GO:0097193 [intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway] GO:0097202 [activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity] GO:1900740 [positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway] GO:2000078 [positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell development] GO:2001244 [positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
Q92934 [Direct mapping] Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death A0A024R562 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] BCL2-antagonist of cell death, isoform CRA_c
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Predicted intracellular proteins RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0001666 [response to hypoxia] GO:0001836 [release of cytochrome c from mitochondria] GO:0001844 [protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005543 [phospholipid binding] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] GO:0005741 [mitochondrial outer membrane] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0006007 [glucose catabolic process] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0006919 [activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process] GO:0007283 [spermatogenesis] GO:0008283 [cell proliferation] GO:0008289 [lipid binding] GO:0008625 [extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors] GO:0008630 [intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage] GO:0008656 [cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process] GO:0009725 [response to hormone] GO:0009749 [response to glucose] GO:0010033 [response to organic substance] GO:0010508 [positive regulation of autophagy] GO:0010918 [positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential] GO:0014070 [response to organic cyclic compound] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0019050 [suppression by virus of host apoptotic process] GO:0019221 [cytokine-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding] GO:0019903 [protein phosphatase binding] GO:0021987 [cerebral cortex development] GO:0030346 [protein phosphatase 2B binding] GO:0032024 [positive regulation of insulin secretion] GO:0032355 [response to estradiol] GO:0032570 [response to progesterone] GO:0033133 [positive regulation of glucokinase activity] GO:0033574 [response to testosterone] GO:0034201 [response to oleic acid] GO:0035774 [positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus] GO:0042493 [response to drug] GO:0042542 [response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0042593 [glucose homeostasis] GO:0042981 [regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043065 [positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043200 [response to amino acid] GO:0043280 [positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process] GO:0043281 [regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process] GO:0043422 [protein kinase B binding] GO:0044342 [type B pancreatic cell proliferation] GO:0045471 [response to ethanol] GO:0045579 [positive regulation of B cell differentiation] GO:0045582 [positive regulation of T cell differentiation] GO:0045862 [positive regulation of proteolysis] GO:0045918 [negative regulation of cytolysis] GO:0046031 [ADP metabolic process] GO:0046034 [ATP metabolic process] GO:0046902 [regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability] GO:0046931 [pore complex assembly] GO:0046982 [protein heterodimerization activity] GO:0050679 [positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation] GO:0051384 [response to glucocorticoid] GO:0051592 [response to calcium ion] GO:0060139 [positive regulation of apoptotic process by virus] GO:0060154 [cellular process regulating host cell cycle in response to virus] GO:0071247 [cellular response to chromate] GO:0071260 [cellular response to mechanical stimulus] GO:0071316 [cellular response to nicotine] GO:0071396 [cellular response to lipid] GO:0071456 [cellular response to hypoxia] GO:0071889 [14-3-3 protein binding] GO:0090200 [positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria] GO:0097190 [apoptotic signaling pathway] GO:0097191 [extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway] GO:0097192 [extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand] GO:0097193 [intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway] GO:0097202 [activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity] GO:1900740 [positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway] GO:1901216 [positive regulation of neuron death] GO:2000078 [positive regulation of type B pancreatic cell development] GO:2001244 [positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
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