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RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue/cell line enriched, group enriched, tissue/cell line enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data from cancer tissues and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data from normal tissues and cell lines.
TCGA (cancer tissue):
Expressed in all
HPA (cell line):
Expressed in all
HPA (normal tissue):
Expressed in all
Protein evidencei
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY DATA RELIABILITY
Reliability score - normal tissuesi
Reliability score (score description), divided into Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between antibody staining pattern, available RNA-Seq and gene/protein characterization data, as well as similarity between independent antibodies targeting the same protein.
Kaplan-Meier plots for all cancers where high expression of this gene has significant (p<0.001) association with patient survival are shown in this summary. Whether the prognosis is favourable or unfavourable is indicated in brackets. Each Kaplan-Meier plot is clickable and redirects to a detailed page that includes individual expression and survival data for patients with the selected cancer.
RNA expression overview shows RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
TCGA dataseti
RNA-seq data in 17 cancer types are reported as median FPKM (number Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Million reads), generated by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RNA cancer tissue category is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all 17 cancer tissues and include: cancer tissue enriched, cancer group enriched, cancer tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. To access cancer specific RNA and prognostic data, click on the cancer name. The cancer types are color-coded according to which type of normal organ the cancer originates from.
Antibody staining in 20 different cancers is summarized by a selection of four standard cancer tissue samples representative of the overall staining pattern. From left: colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. An additional fifth image can be added as a complement. The assay and annotation is described here. Note that samples used for immunohistochemistry by the Human Protein Atlas do not correspond to samples in the TCGA dataset.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name
PER1 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
PER, RIGUI
Description
Period circadian clock 1 (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene may increase the risk of getting certain cancers. Alternative splicing has been observed in this gene; however, these variants have not been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
PER1-001
PER1-002
PER1-005
PER1-008
PER1-009
PER1-010
PER1-016
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
O15534 [Direct mapping] Period circadian protein homolog 1
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Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0000978 [RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000989 [transcription factor activity, transcription factor binding] GO:0002028 [regulation of sodium ion transport] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0007623 [circadian rhythm] GO:0009649 [entrainment of circadian clock] GO:0010608 [posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression] GO:0019900 [kinase binding] GO:0031490 [chromatin DNA binding] GO:0031625 [ubiquitin protein ligase binding] GO:0032922 [circadian regulation of gene expression] GO:0042634 [regulation of hair cycle] GO:0042752 [regulation of circadian rhythm] GO:0043124 [negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043153 [entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod] GO:0043966 [histone H3 acetylation] GO:0043967 [histone H4 acetylation] GO:0045892 [negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0046329 [negative regulation of JNK cascade] GO:0048511 [rhythmic process] GO:0070888 [E-box binding] GO:0070932 [histone H3 deacetylation] GO:0097167 [circadian regulation of translation] GO:1900015 [regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response] GO:1900744 [regulation of p38MAPK cascade] GO:2000323 [negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway]
J3KSL6 [Direct mapping] Period circadian protein homolog 1
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Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
J3QL55 [Direct mapping] Period circadian protein homolog 1
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Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
J3QLQ5 [Direct mapping] Period circadian protein homolog 1
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Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
J3QL46 [Direct mapping] Period circadian protein homolog 1
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Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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