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RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for data imported from The Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEX), FANTOM5 Consortium (FANTOM5) and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data.
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
Protein expressioni
A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.
"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.
Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data.
Reliability scorei
Reliability score (score description), divided into Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between antibody staining pattern, available RNA-Seq and gene/protein characterization data, as well as similarity between independent antibodies targeting the same protein.
Below is an overview of RNA and protein expression data generated in the Human Protein Atlas project. Analyzed tissues are divided into color-coded groups according to which functional features they have in common. For each group, a list of included tissues is accessed by clicking on group name, group symbol, RNA bar, or protein bar. Subsequent selection of a particular tissue in this list links to the image data page.
Images of selected tissues give a visual summary of the protein expression profile furthest to the right.
The gray human body provides links to a histology dictionary when clicking on any part of the figure.
RNA expression (TPM)i
RNA-seq results generated in HPA are reported as number of transcripts per million (TPM). Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. The assay is described more in detail in Assays & Annotation.
Protein expression (score)i
Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. Protein expression scores are based on a best estimate of the "true" protein expression from a knowledge-based annotation, described more in detail under Assays & annotation. For genes where more than one antibody has been used, a collective score is set displaying the estimated true protein expression.
Protein expression data is shown for each of the 44 tissues. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. Mouse-over function shows protein score for analyzed cell types in a selected tissue. To access image data click on tissue name or bar. Annotation of protein expression is described in detail in Assays & annotation.
For genes with available protein data for which a knowledge-based annotation gave inconclusive results, no protein expression data is displayed in the protein expression data overview. However, all immunohistochemical images are still available and the annotation data can be found under Primary data.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi
RNA expression overview shows RNA-data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) RNA-seq data, RNA-seq data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and CAGE data from FANTOM5 project. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA dataseti
HPA dataset RNA-seq tissue data is reported as mean TPM (transcripts per million), corresponding to mean values of the different individual samples from each tissue. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar. The RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category HPA HPA RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
GTEx dataseti
GTEx dataset RNA-seq data is reported as median RPKM (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads), generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category GTEx GTEx RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
FANTOM5 dataseti
FANTOM5 dataset Tissue data obtained through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) are reported as Tags Per Million, generated by the FANTOM5 project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category FANTOM5 FANTOM5 RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on gene expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
GENE INFORMATIONi
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name
RELA (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
NFKB3, p65
Description
RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
NF-kappa-B is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in several biological processes. It is held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state by specific inhibitors. Upon degradation of the inhibitor, NF-kappa-B moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of specific genes. NF-kappa-B is composed of NFKB1 or NFKB2 bound to either REL, RELA, or RELB. The most abundant form of NF-kappa-B is NFKB1 complexed with the product of this gene, RELA. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Predicted intracellular proteins Transcription factors Immunoglobulin fold RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0000790 [nuclear chromatin] GO:0000977 [RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000978 [RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000980 [RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000983 [transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific] GO:0001046 [core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001077 [transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding] GO:0001078 [transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding] GO:0001205 [transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding] GO:0001889 [liver development] GO:0001942 [hair follicle development] GO:0002223 [stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0003700 [transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0003705 [transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005667 [transcription factor complex] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0006117 [acetaldehyde metabolic process] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006366 [transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006952 [defense response] GO:0006954 [inflammatory response] GO:0006968 [cellular defense response] GO:0007568 [aging] GO:0008134 [transcription factor binding] GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0009612 [response to mechanical stimulus] GO:0009617 [response to bacterium] GO:0009887 [animal organ morphogenesis] GO:0010033 [response to organic substance] GO:0010035 [response to inorganic substance] GO:0010224 [response to UV-B] GO:0014040 [positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation] GO:0014070 [response to organic cyclic compound] GO:0016032 [viral process] GO:0019221 [cytokine-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0019899 [enzyme binding] GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding] GO:0031293 [membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis] GO:0031490 [chromatin DNA binding] GO:0031625 [ubiquitin protein ligase binding] GO:0032332 [positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation] GO:0032403 [protein complex binding] GO:0032481 [positive regulation of type I interferon production] GO:0032495 [response to muramyl dipeptide] GO:0032496 [response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0032570 [response to progesterone] GO:0032868 [response to insulin] GO:0033256 [I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex] GO:0033590 [response to cobalamin] GO:0033613 [activating transcription factor binding] GO:0034097 [response to cytokine] GO:0035729 [cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus] GO:0035994 [response to muscle stretch] GO:0038095 [Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway] GO:0042177 [negative regulation of protein catabolic process] GO:0042301 [phosphate ion binding] GO:0042493 [response to drug] GO:0042542 [response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0042803 [protein homodimerization activity] GO:0042805 [actinin binding] GO:0042826 [histone deacetylase binding] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043123 [positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043200 [response to amino acid] GO:0043234 [protein complex] GO:0043278 [response to morphine] GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0044212 [transcription regulatory region DNA binding] GO:0045084 [positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process] GO:0045892 [negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0045893 [positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0046627 [negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0046982 [protein heterodimerization activity] GO:0047485 [protein N-terminus binding] GO:0050727 [regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050852 [T cell receptor signaling pathway] GO:0051059 [NF-kappaB binding] GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051591 [response to cAMP] GO:0051607 [defense response to virus] GO:0070301 [cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0070431 [nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway] GO:0070491 [repressing transcription factor binding] GO:0070555 [response to interleukin-1] GO:0071159 [NF-kappaB complex] GO:0071222 [cellular response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0071316 [cellular response to nicotine] GO:0071347 [cellular response to interleukin-1] GO:0071354 [cellular response to interleukin-6] GO:0071356 [cellular response to tumor necrosis factor] GO:0071375 [cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus] GO:0071532 [ankyrin repeat binding] GO:1901223 [negative regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1902895 [positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:2000630 [positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process] GO:2001237 [negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
Predicted intracellular proteins Transcription factors Immunoglobulin fold RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0000790 [nuclear chromatin] GO:0000977 [RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000978 [RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000980 [RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000983 [transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific] GO:0001077 [transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding] GO:0001078 [transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding] GO:0001205 [transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding] GO:0002223 [stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0003700 [transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0003705 [transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005667 [transcription factor complex] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006366 [transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006954 [inflammatory response] GO:0006968 [cellular defense response] GO:0008134 [transcription factor binding] GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0010033 [response to organic substance] GO:0010224 [response to UV-B] GO:0016032 [viral process] GO:0019221 [cytokine-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding] GO:0031293 [membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis] GO:0031490 [chromatin DNA binding] GO:0031625 [ubiquitin protein ligase binding] GO:0032481 [positive regulation of type I interferon production] GO:0033256 [I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex] GO:0033613 [activating transcription factor binding] GO:0038095 [Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway] GO:0042301 [phosphate ion binding] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0042803 [protein homodimerization activity] GO:0042805 [actinin binding] GO:0042826 [histone deacetylase binding] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043123 [positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0044212 [transcription regulatory region DNA binding] GO:0045892 [negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0045893 [positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0046982 [protein heterodimerization activity] GO:0047485 [protein N-terminus binding] GO:0050727 [regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050852 [T cell receptor signaling pathway] GO:0051059 [NF-kappaB binding] GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051607 [defense response to virus] GO:0070301 [cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0070431 [nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway] GO:0070491 [repressing transcription factor binding] GO:0070555 [response to interleukin-1] GO:0071159 [NF-kappaB complex] GO:0071316 [cellular response to nicotine] GO:0071347 [cellular response to interleukin-1] GO:0071354 [cellular response to interleukin-6] GO:0071356 [cellular response to tumor necrosis factor] GO:0071375 [cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus] GO:1901223 [negative regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1902895 [positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:2000630 [positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process] GO:2001237 [negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
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