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Show complete data for human cells assay. The location(s) are highlighted in the illustration on the right.
Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to the cytosol.
RNA cell categoryi
The cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas have been analyzed by RNA-seq to estimate the transcript abundance of each protein-coding gene. The RNA-seq data was then used to classify all genes according to their cell line-specific expression into one of six different categories, defined based on the total set of all TPM values in all analyzed cell lines.
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
Main locationi
The main location is characterized by presence in all tested cell lines and/or increased intensity compared to other locations. It is highlighted in the illustration to the right. If available, links to overrepresentation analyses in Reactome, a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed biological pathway database, are provided. An analysis is done for the corresponding gene set of the proteome localizing to the main and additional locations of the protein on this page, respectively.
Localized to the Nucleoplasm (supported)
Additional locationi
Additional locations are characterized by either a markedly lower staining intensity than the main location, or that it is only observed in a subset of the cell lines. They are highlighted in the illustration to the right. If available, links to overrepresentation analyses in Reactome, a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed biological pathway database, are provided. An analysis is done for the corresponding gene set of the proteome localizing to the main and additional locations of the protein on this page, respectively.
In addition localized to the Cytosol (supported)
DATA RELIABILITY
Reliability scorei
A reliability score is set for all genes and indicates the level of reliability of the analyzed protein expression pattern based on available protein/RNA/gene characterization data. The reliability of the annotated protein expression data is also scored depending on similarity in immunostaining patterns and consistency with available experimental gene/protein characterization data in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database.
Below is an overview of RNA expression data generated in the HPA project. The analyzed cell lines are divided into 12 color-coded groups according to the organ they were obtained from. By clicking the toolbars in the top right corner it is possible to sort the cell lines in the chart by different criteria: the organ and the origin that the cell line was obtained from, the category of the cell line according to cellosaurus, alphabetically or by descending RNA expression. Detailed information about a specific cell line can be accessed by hovering over the corresponding bar in the chart. The RNA-sequencing results generated in the HPA are reported as number of Transcripts per Kilobase Million (TPM). In the Human Protein Atlas a TPM value of 1.0 is defined as a treshhold for expression of the corresponding protein.
The cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas have been analyzed by RNA-seq to estimate the transcript abundance of each protein-coding gene. The RNA-seq data was then used to classify all genes according to their cell line-specific expression into one of six different categories, defined based on the total set of all TPM values in all analyzed cell lines.
Cell lines sorted after organ of phenotypic resemblance.
Cell lines sorted after biological source for establishment.
Cell lines sorted after the cell line category according to Cellosaurus.
Cell lines sorted on descending RNA expression.
Cell lines sorted alphabetically.
HUMAN CELLSi
The "human cells" section gives an overview about the subcellular location of the protein of interest obtained by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, an antibody-based protein-visualization technique. The immunofluorescent analysis is carried out in three different cell lines, one of them always being U-2 OS. A selection of immunofluorescent images is displayed below. Three different organelle probes are displayed as different channels in the multicolor images - nucleus stained in blue, microtubules in red and ER in yellow. The antibody staining targeting the protein of interest is shown in green. By using the toggle channel buttons, the different channels can be turned on and off. For the selection of the images to compare, use the checkboxes next to the images at the bottom. Three images can be compared at a time. All images are clickable for an enlarged view. The selected image will appear in large size and miniature images with all other staining results for this gene will be listed at the top left of the image. The selected miniature image has an orange overlay. For cell structure reference, visit the cell dictionary.
Summaryi
Summary of the immunofluorescent analysis in all studied cell lines with all tested antibodies.
Mainly localized to the nucleoplasm. In addition localized to the cytosol.
Main locationi
The main location is characterized by presence in all tested cell lines and/or increased intensity compared to other locations.
Nucleoplasm (supported)
Additional locationi
Additional locations are characterized by either a markedly lower staining intensity than the main location, or that it is only observed in a subset of the cell lines.
Cytosol (supported)
Toggle channelsi
Three different organelle probes are displayed as different channels in the multicolor images - nucleus stained in blue, microtubules in red and ER in yellow. The antibody staining targeting the protein of interest is shown in green. By using the "toggle channels"-buttons, the different channels can be turned on and off. The intensity toggle shows the pixel intensity range in 16 different colors for the selected channel. The object toggle shows the computational segmentation of the cells used for further analysis in the HPA project. For samples where cell cycle dependency for the protein is suggested according to a correlation assay the predicted cell cycle position of each cell is displayed when using the object toggle.
Low
High
G1
S
G2
M
N/A
Thumbnaili
Representative images for the assay. Three images can be compared at the same time. To change which images to compare, use the checkboxes next to the images below. All images are clickable for an enlarged view. The selected image will appear in large size and miniature images with all other staining results for this gene will be listed at the top left of the image. The selected miniature image has an orange overlay.
Antibodyi
Antibody used for analysis. Clicking the antibody ID links to the antibody validation page.
Cell linei
Cell line used for analysis. Read more about the cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas.
Locationi
Location(s) annotated in the corresponding cell line.
Single-cell variationi
As the images in the Cell Atlas provide single cell resolution, variations in protein expression patterns from cell to cell can be observed. A single-cell variation can either be observed in the intensity of the immunofluorescent signal or in the spatial distribution pattern of the protein. This column contains information about whether and for which of the annotated locations a single-cell variation pattern was manually annotated.
Cell cycle dependent variationi
A likely cause for single-cell variation in the immunofluorescent images is cell cycle dependency. This column contains information about whether the manually observed cell-to-cell variation pattern correlates with cell cycle progression.
For the genes where the mouse and human genes are orthologues, the mouse cell line NIH 3T3 is also stained. The main subcellular location of the encoded proteins and any additional locations are reported as well as staining characteristics, staining intensity and validation score. Example images are shown below. To change which images to compare, use the checkboxes next to the images at the bottom. Three images can be compared at a time. All images are clickable for an enlarged view. The selected image will appear in large size and miniature images with all other staining results for this gene will be listed at the top left of the image. The selected miniature image has an orange overlay. For cell structure reference, visit the cell dictionary.
Main locationi
The main location is characterized by a higher intensity compared to other locations observed.
Three different organelle probes are displayed as different channels in the multicolor images - nucleus stained in blue, microtubules in red and ER in yellow. The HPA-antibody staining targeting the protein of interest is shown in green. By using the "toggle channels"-buttons, the different channels can be turned on and off. The intensity toggle shows the pixel intensity range in 16 different colors for the selected channel. The object toggle shows the computational segmentation of the cells used for further analysis in the HPA project. For samples where cell cycle dependency for the protein is suggested according to a correlation assay the predicted cell cycle position of each cell is displayed when using the object toggle.
Low
High
G1
S
G2
M
N/A
Thumbnaili
Representative images for the assay. Three images can be compared at the same time. To change which images to compare, use the checkboxes next to the images below. All images are clickable for an enlarged view. The selected image will appear in large size and miniature images with all other staining results for this gene will be listed at the top left of the image. The selected miniature image has an orange overlay.
Antibodyi
Antibody used for analysis. Clicking the antibody ID links to the antibody validation page.
Cell linei
Cell line used for analysis. Read more about the cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas.
Locationi
Location(s) annotated in the corresponding cell line.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name
PTEN (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
BZS, MHAM, MMAC1, PTEN1, TEP1
Description
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
This gene was identified as a tumor suppressor that is mutated in a large number of cancers at high frequency. The protein encoded by this gene is a phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase. It contains a tensin like domain as well as a catalytic domain similar to that of the dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatases. Unlike most of the protein tyrosine phosphatases, this protein preferentially dephosphorylates phosphoinositide substrates. It negatively regulates intracellular levels of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate in cells and functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating AKT/PKB signaling pathway. The use of a non-canonical (CUG) upstream initiation site produces a longer isoform that initiates translation with a leucine, and is thought to be preferentially associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane. This longer isoform may help regulate energy metabolism in the mitochondria. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 9. Alternative splicing and the use of multiple translation start codons results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
PTEN-001
PTEN-005
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
P60484 [Direct mapping] Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN F6KD01 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Phosphatase and tensin-like protein; Phosphatase and tensin-like protein isoform A
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Enzymes ENZYME proteins Hydrolases Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Mutated cancer genes Mutational cancer driver genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Splicing Mutations COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Nonsense Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions COSMIC Germline Mutations COSMIC Frameshift Mutations Disease related genes Potential drug targets Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000079 [regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0000287 [magnesium ion binding] GO:0001525 [angiogenesis] GO:0001933 [negative regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0002902 [regulation of B cell apoptotic process] GO:0004438 [phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase activity] GO:0004721 [phosphoprotein phosphatase activity] GO:0004722 [protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity] GO:0004725 [protein tyrosine phosphatase activity] GO:0005161 [platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0006470 [protein dephosphorylation] GO:0006629 [lipid metabolic process] GO:0006661 [phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0007270 [neuron-neuron synaptic transmission] GO:0007399 [nervous system development] GO:0007416 [synapse assembly] GO:0007417 [central nervous system development] GO:0007507 [heart development] GO:0007568 [aging] GO:0007584 [response to nutrient] GO:0007611 [learning or memory] GO:0007613 [memory] GO:0007626 [locomotory behavior] GO:0008138 [protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity] GO:0008283 [cell proliferation] GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0008289 [lipid binding] GO:0009749 [response to glucose] GO:0009898 [cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane] GO:0010033 [response to organic substance] GO:0010035 [response to inorganic substance] GO:0010043 [response to zinc ion] GO:0010975 [regulation of neuron projection development] GO:0010997 [anaphase-promoting complex binding] GO:0014067 [negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling] GO:0014070 [response to organic cyclic compound] GO:0016311 [dephosphorylation] GO:0016314 [phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity] GO:0016324 [apical plasma membrane] GO:0016477 [cell migration] GO:0016579 [protein deubiquitination] GO:0016605 [PML body] GO:0016787 [hydrolase activity] GO:0016791 [phosphatase activity] GO:0019899 [enzyme binding] GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding] GO:0021542 [dentate gyrus development] GO:0021955 [central nervous system neuron axonogenesis] GO:0030165 [PDZ domain binding] GO:0030336 [negative regulation of cell migration] GO:0030534 [adult behavior] GO:0031175 [neuron projection development] GO:0031642 [negative regulation of myelination] GO:0031647 [regulation of protein stability] GO:0031658 [negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0032228 [regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic] GO:0032286 [central nervous system myelin maintenance] GO:0032355 [response to estradiol] GO:0032535 [regulation of cellular component size] GO:0033032 [regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process] GO:0033198 [response to ATP] GO:0033555 [multicellular organismal response to stress] GO:0035176 [social behavior] GO:0035335 [peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation] GO:0035749 [myelin sheath adaxonal region] GO:0036294 [cellular response to decreased oxygen levels] GO:0042493 [response to drug] GO:0042711 [maternal behavior] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0042995 [cell projection] GO:0043005 [neuron projection] GO:0043065 [positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043197 [dendritic spine] GO:0043220 [Schmidt-Lanterman incisure] GO:0043491 [protein kinase B signaling] GO:0043542 [endothelial cell migration] GO:0043647 [inositol phosphate metabolic process] GO:0045211 [postsynaptic membrane] GO:0045471 [response to ethanol] GO:0045475 [locomotor rhythm] GO:0045792 [negative regulation of cell size] GO:0046621 [negative regulation of organ growth] GO:0046685 [response to arsenic-containing substance] GO:0046855 [inositol phosphate dephosphorylation] GO:0046856 [phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation] GO:0048008 [platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0048015 [phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling] GO:0048679 [regulation of axon regeneration] GO:0048681 [negative regulation of axon regeneration] GO:0048738 [cardiac muscle tissue development] GO:0048853 [forebrain morphogenesis] GO:0048854 [brain morphogenesis] GO:0050680 [negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation] GO:0050765 [negative regulation of phagocytosis] GO:0050771 [negative regulation of axonogenesis] GO:0050821 [protein stabilization] GO:0050852 [T cell receptor signaling pathway] GO:0051091 [positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity] GO:0051717 [inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity] GO:0051726 [regulation of cell cycle] GO:0051800 [phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity] GO:0051895 [negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly] GO:0051898 [negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling] GO:0060024 [rhythmic synaptic transmission] GO:0060044 [negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation] GO:0060070 [canonical Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0060074 [synapse maturation] GO:0060134 [prepulse inhibition] GO:0060179 [male mating behavior] GO:0060291 [long-term synaptic potentiation] GO:0060292 [long term synaptic depression] GO:0060341 [regulation of cellular localization] GO:0060736 [prostate gland growth] GO:0060997 [dendritic spine morphogenesis] GO:0061002 [negative regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis] GO:0070373 [negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0070374 [positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0071456 [cellular response to hypoxia] GO:0090071 [negative regulation of ribosome biogenesis] GO:0090344 [negative regulation of cell aging] GO:0090394 [negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential] GO:0097105 [presynaptic membrane assembly] GO:0097107 [postsynaptic density assembly] GO:1903984 [positive regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway] GO:1904668 [positive regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity] GO:1990381 [ubiquitin-specific protease binding] GO:2000060 [positive regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:2000134 [negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle] GO:2000463 [positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential] GO:2000808 [negative regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering] GO:2001235 [positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
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