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RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for data imported from The Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEX), FANTOM5 Consortium (FANTOM5) and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data.
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
Protein expressioni
A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.
"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
Cytoplasmic and membranous expression in few tissues, most abundant expression in CNS.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY DATA RELIABILITY
Data reliability descriptioni
Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.
Antibody staining consistent with RNA expression data. External characterization data supports antibody staining.
Reliability scorei
Reliability score (score description), divided into Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between antibody staining pattern, available RNA-Seq and gene/protein characterization data, as well as similarity between independent antibodies targeting the same protein.
Below is an overview of RNA and protein expression data generated in the Human Protein Atlas project. Analyzed tissues are divided into color-coded groups according to which functional features they have in common. For each group, a list of included tissues is accessed by clicking on group name, group symbol, RNA bar, or protein bar. Subsequent selection of a particular tissue in this list links to the image data page.
Images of selected tissues give a visual summary of the protein expression profile furthest to the right.
The gray human body provides links to a histology dictionary when clicking on any part of the figure.
RNA expression (TPM)i
RNA-seq results generated in HPA are reported as number of transcripts per million (TPM). Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. The assay is described more in detail in Assays & Annotation.
Protein expression (score)i
Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. Protein expression scores are based on a best estimate of the "true" protein expression from a knowledge-based annotation, described more in detail under Assays & annotation. For genes where more than one antibody has been used, a collective score is set displaying the estimated true protein expression.
Protein expression data is shown for each of the 44 tissues. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. Mouse-over function shows protein score for analyzed cell types in a selected tissue. To access image data click on tissue name or bar. Annotation of protein expression is described in detail in Assays & annotation.
For genes with available protein data for which a knowledge-based annotation gave inconclusive results, no protein expression data is displayed in the protein expression data overview. However, all immunohistochemical images are still available and the annotation data can be found under Primary data.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi
RNA expression overview shows RNA-data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) RNA-seq data, RNA-seq data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and CAGE data from FANTOM5 project. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA dataseti
HPA dataset RNA-seq tissue data is reported as mean TPM (transcripts per million), corresponding to mean values of the different individual samples from each tissue. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar. The RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category HPA HPA RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
GTEx dataset RNA-seq data is reported as median RPKM (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads), generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category GTEx GTEx RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
FANTOM5 dataseti
FANTOM5 dataset Tissue data obtained through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) are reported as Tags Per Million, generated by the FANTOM5 project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category FANTOM5 FANTOM5 RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on gene expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
GENE INFORMATIONi
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name
PRKCE
Synonyms
Description
Protein kinase C epsilon (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play a distinct role in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. This kinase has been shown to be involved in many different cellular functions, such as neuron channel activation, apoptosis, cardioprotection from ischemia, heat shock response, as well as insulin exocytosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this kinase is important for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated signaling in activated macrophages and may also play a role in controlling anxiety-like behavior. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
PRKCE-001
PRKCE-006
PRKCE-008
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Q02156 [Direct mapping] Protein kinase C epsilon type L7RTI5 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Protein kinase C epsilon type
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Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases AGC Ser/Thr protein kinases MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding] GO:0002281 [macrophage activation involved in immune response] GO:0002376 [immune system process] GO:0003785 [actin monomer binding] GO:0004672 [protein kinase activity] GO:0004674 [protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004697 [protein kinase C activity] GO:0004699 [calcium-independent protein kinase C activity] GO:0004871 [signal transducer activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] GO:0005783 [endoplasmic reticulum] GO:0005794 [Golgi apparatus] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0005856 [cytoskeleton] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0007049 [cell cycle] GO:0007155 [cell adhesion] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007202 [activation of phospholipase C activity] GO:0008047 [enzyme activator activity] GO:0010634 [positive regulation of epithelial cell migration] GO:0010763 [positive regulation of fibroblast migration] GO:0010811 [positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0016301 [kinase activity] GO:0016310 [phosphorylation] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0018105 [peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0019216 [regulation of lipid metabolic process] GO:0019899 [enzyme binding] GO:0030168 [platelet activation] GO:0030546 [receptor activator activity] GO:0030838 [positive regulation of actin filament polymerization] GO:0031397 [negative regulation of protein ubiquitination] GO:0031663 [lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0032024 [positive regulation of insulin secretion] GO:0032230 [positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic] GO:0032467 [positive regulation of cytokinesis] GO:0035276 [ethanol binding] GO:0035556 [intracellular signal transduction] GO:0035641 [locomotory exploration behavior] GO:0035669 [TRAM-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway] GO:0038096 [Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis] GO:0043123 [positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043278 [response to morphine] GO:0043410 [positive regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0050730 [regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0050996 [positive regulation of lipid catabolic process] GO:0051209 [release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol] GO:0051279 [regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol] GO:0051301 [cell division] GO:0061178 [regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus] GO:0070257 [positive regulation of mucus secretion] GO:0071361 [cellular response to ethanol] GO:0071380 [cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus] GO:0071456 [cellular response to hypoxia] GO:0071889 [14-3-3 protein binding] GO:0071944 [cell periphery] GO:0090303 [positive regulation of wound healing] GO:1903078 [positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane] GO:2000273 [positive regulation of receptor activity] GO:2000650 [negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity] GO:2001031 [positive regulation of cellular glucuronidation]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
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