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RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue/cell line enriched, group enriched, tissue/cell line enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data from cancer tissues and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data from normal tissues and cell lines.
TCGA (cancer tissue):
Expressed in all
HPA (cell line):
Expressed in all
HPA (normal tissue):
Mixed
Protein evidencei
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
Protein expression normal tissuei
A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.
"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.
Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data.
Reliability score - normal tissuesi
Reliability score (score description), divided into Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between antibody staining pattern, available RNA-Seq and gene/protein characterization data, as well as similarity between independent antibodies targeting the same protein.
Kaplan-Meier plots for all cancers where high expression of this gene has significant (p<0.001) association with patient survival are shown in this summary. Whether the prognosis is favourable or unfavourable is indicated in brackets. Each Kaplan-Meier plot is clickable and redirects to a detailed page that includes individual expression and survival data for patients with the selected cancer.
RNA expression overview shows RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
TCGA dataseti
RNA-seq data in 17 cancer types are reported as median FPKM (number Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Million reads), generated by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RNA cancer tissue category is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all 17 cancer tissues and include: cancer tissue enriched, cancer group enriched, cancer tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. To access cancer specific RNA and prognostic data, click on the cancer name. The cancer types are color-coded according to which type of normal organ the cancer originates from.
Antibody staining in 20 different cancers is summarized by a selection of four standard cancer tissue samples representative of the overall staining pattern. From left: colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. An additional fifth image can be added as a complement. The assay and annotation is described here. Note that samples used for immunohistochemistry by the Human Protein Atlas do not correspond to samples in the TCGA dataset.
For each cancer, color-coded bars indicate the percentage of patients (maximum 12 patients) with high and medium protein expression level. The cancer types are color-coded according to which type of normal organ the cancer originates from. Low or not detected protein expression results in a white bar. Mouse-over function shows details about expression level and normal tissue of origin. The images and annotations can be accessed by clicking on the cancer name or protein expression bar. If more than one antibody is analyzed, the tabs at the top of the staining summary section can be used to toggle between the different antibodies.
A majority of cancer cells displayed moderate to strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity.
Moderate to strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was mainly observed in breast cancers, thyroid cancers, lymphomas and carcinoids. A majority of the remaining cancers were in general weakly stained or negative.
Malignant cells generally showed weak to moderate immunoreactivity. Thyroid cancers and cases of breast cancers were strongly stained.
A majority of cancer cells showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic and membranous positivity. Malignant lymphomas, ovarian and thyroid cancers predominantly showed strong staining. Testicular cancers were generally negative.
GENE INFORMATIONi
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name
PRKCD
Synonyms
Description
Protein kinase C delta (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by calcium and the second messenger diacylglycerol. PKC family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for phorbol esters, a class of tumor promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play distinct roles in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. Studies both in human and mice demonstrate that this kinase is involved in B cell signaling and in the regulation of growth, apoptosis, and differentiation of a variety of cell types. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
PRKCD-001
PRKCD-002
PRKCD-004
PRKCD-005
PRKCD-006
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Q05655 [Direct mapping] Protein kinase C delta type Protein kinase C delta type regulatory subunit Protein kinase C delta type catalytic subunit A0A024R328 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Protein kinase C delta type
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Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases AGC Ser/Thr protein kinases MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Mutational cancer driver genes Disease related genes Potential drug targets Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding] GO:0002223 [stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0004672 [protein kinase activity] GO:0004674 [protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004697 [protein kinase C activity] GO:0004699 [calcium-independent protein kinase C activity] GO:0004715 [non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005783 [endoplasmic reticulum] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0005911 [cell-cell junction] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0007049 [cell cycle] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007202 [activation of phospholipase C activity] GO:0008047 [enzyme activator activity] GO:0008631 [intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress] GO:0010469 [regulation of receptor activity] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0016064 [immunoglobulin mediated immune response] GO:0016301 [kinase activity] GO:0016310 [phosphorylation] GO:0016363 [nuclear matrix] GO:0016572 [histone phosphorylation] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0018105 [peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0018107 [peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0018108 [peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0019899 [enzyme binding] GO:0019900 [kinase binding] GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding] GO:0023021 [termination of signal transduction] GO:0030168 [platelet activation] GO:0030837 [negative regulation of actin filament polymerization] GO:0032079 [positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity] GO:0032091 [negative regulation of protein binding] GO:0032147 [activation of protein kinase activity] GO:0032613 [interleukin-10 production] GO:0032615 [interleukin-12 production] GO:0032930 [positive regulation of superoxide anion generation] GO:0032956 [regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization] GO:0034351 [negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process] GO:0035307 [positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation] GO:0035556 [intracellular signal transduction] GO:0035578 [azurophil granule lumen] GO:0038096 [Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis] GO:0042100 [B cell proliferation] GO:0042119 [neutrophil activation] GO:0042307 [positive regulation of protein import into nucleus] GO:0042742 [defense response to bacterium] GO:0043312 [neutrophil degranulation] GO:0043407 [negative regulation of MAP kinase activity] GO:0043488 [regulation of mRNA stability] GO:0043560 [insulin receptor substrate binding] GO:0046627 [negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0050728 [negative regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050732 [negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0050821 [protein stabilization] GO:0051490 [negative regulation of filopodium assembly] GO:0060326 [cell chemotaxis] GO:0060333 [interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:0070301 [cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0071447 [cellular response to hydroperoxide] GO:0090331 [negative regulation of platelet aggregation] GO:0090398 [cellular senescence] GO:0097194 [execution phase of apoptosis] GO:1900163 [positive regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity] GO:1904385 [cellular response to angiotensin] GO:2000304 [positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process] GO:2000753 [positive regulation of glucosylceramide catabolic process] GO:2000755 [positive regulation of sphingomyelin catabolic process] GO:2001022 [positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:2001235 [positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway]
Q05655 [Direct mapping] Protein kinase C delta type Protein kinase C delta type regulatory subunit Protein kinase C delta type catalytic subunit A0A024R328 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Protein kinase C delta type
Show all
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases AGC Ser/Thr protein kinases MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Mutational cancer driver genes Disease related genes Potential drug targets Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding] GO:0002223 [stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0004672 [protein kinase activity] GO:0004674 [protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004697 [protein kinase C activity] GO:0004699 [calcium-independent protein kinase C activity] GO:0004715 [non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005783 [endoplasmic reticulum] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0007049 [cell cycle] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007202 [activation of phospholipase C activity] GO:0008047 [enzyme activator activity] GO:0008631 [intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress] GO:0010469 [regulation of receptor activity] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0016301 [kinase activity] GO:0016310 [phosphorylation] GO:0016572 [histone phosphorylation] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0018105 [peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0018107 [peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0018108 [peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0019899 [enzyme binding] GO:0019900 [kinase binding] GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding] GO:0023021 [termination of signal transduction] GO:0030168 [platelet activation] GO:0030837 [negative regulation of actin filament polymerization] GO:0032079 [positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity] GO:0032091 [negative regulation of protein binding] GO:0032147 [activation of protein kinase activity] GO:0032930 [positive regulation of superoxide anion generation] GO:0032956 [regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization] GO:0034351 [negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process] GO:0035307 [positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation] GO:0035556 [intracellular signal transduction] GO:0035578 [azurophil granule lumen] GO:0038096 [Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis] GO:0042119 [neutrophil activation] GO:0042307 [positive regulation of protein import into nucleus] GO:0042742 [defense response to bacterium] GO:0043312 [neutrophil degranulation] GO:0043407 [negative regulation of MAP kinase activity] GO:0043488 [regulation of mRNA stability] GO:0043560 [insulin receptor substrate binding] GO:0046627 [negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0050728 [negative regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050732 [negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0050821 [protein stabilization] GO:0051490 [negative regulation of filopodium assembly] GO:0060326 [cell chemotaxis] GO:0060333 [interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:0070301 [cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0071447 [cellular response to hydroperoxide] GO:0090331 [negative regulation of platelet aggregation] GO:0090398 [cellular senescence] GO:0097194 [execution phase of apoptosis] GO:1900163 [positive regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity] GO:1904385 [cellular response to angiotensin] GO:2000304 [positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process] GO:2000753 [positive regulation of glucosylceramide catabolic process] GO:2000755 [positive regulation of sphingomyelin catabolic process] GO:2001022 [positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
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