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RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for data imported from The Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEX), FANTOM5 Consortium (FANTOM5) and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data.
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
Protein expressioni
A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.
"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.
Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data.
Reliability scorei
Reliability score (score description), divided into Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between antibody staining pattern, available RNA-Seq and gene/protein characterization data, as well as similarity between independent antibodies targeting the same protein.
Below is an overview of RNA and protein expression data generated in the Human Protein Atlas project. Analyzed tissues are divided into color-coded groups according to which functional features they have in common. For each group, a list of included tissues is accessed by clicking on group name, group symbol, RNA bar, or protein bar. Subsequent selection of a particular tissue in this list links to the image data page.
Images of selected tissues give a visual summary of the protein expression profile furthest to the right.
The gray human body provides links to a histology dictionary when clicking on any part of the figure.
RNA expression (TPM)i
RNA-seq results generated in HPA are reported as number of transcripts per million (TPM). Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. The assay is described more in detail in Assays & Annotation.
Protein expression (score)i
Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. Protein expression scores are based on a best estimate of the "true" protein expression from a knowledge-based annotation, described more in detail under Assays & annotation. For genes where more than one antibody has been used, a collective score is set displaying the estimated true protein expression.
Protein expression data is shown for each of the 44 tissues. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. Mouse-over function shows protein score for analyzed cell types in a selected tissue. To access image data click on tissue name or bar. Annotation of protein expression is described in detail in Assays & annotation.
For genes with available protein data for which a knowledge-based annotation gave inconclusive results, no protein expression data is displayed in the protein expression data overview. However, all immunohistochemical images are still available and the annotation data can be found under Primary data.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi
RNA expression overview shows RNA-data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) RNA-seq data, RNA-seq data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and CAGE data from FANTOM5 project. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA dataseti
HPA dataset RNA-seq tissue data is reported as mean TPM (transcripts per million), corresponding to mean values of the different individual samples from each tissue. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar. The RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category HPA HPA RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
GTEx dataseti
GTEx dataset RNA-seq data is reported as median RPKM (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads), generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category GTEx GTEx RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
FANTOM5 dataseti
FANTOM5 dataset Tissue data obtained through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) are reported as Tags Per Million, generated by the FANTOM5 project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category FANTOM5 FANTOM5 RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on gene expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
GENE INFORMATIONi
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1 (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is the basal transcription factor TFIID, which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes the largest subunit of TFIID. This subunit binds to core promoter sequences encompassing the transcription start site. It also binds to activators and other transcriptional regulators, and these interactions affect the rate of transcription initiation. This subunit contains two independent protein kinase domains at the N- and C-terminals, but also possesses acetyltransferase activity and can act as a ubiquitin-activating/conjugating enzyme. Mutations in this gene result in Dystonia 3, torsion, X-linked, a dystonia-parkinsonism disorder. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. This gene is part of a complex transcription unit (TAF1/DYT3), wherein some transcript variants share exons with TAF1 as well as additional downstream DYT3 exons. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2013]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
TAF1-007
TAF1-008
TAF1-009
TAF1-017
TAF1-201
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Transcription factors Other all-alpha-helical DNA-binding domains Cancer-related genes Mutational cancer driver genes Disease related genes Potential drug targets Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding] GO:0000209 [protein polyubiquitination] GO:0000790 [nuclear chromatin] GO:0000979 [RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001075 [transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific binding involved in preinitiation complex assembly] GO:0001129 [RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, TBP-class protein binding, involved in preinitiation complex assembly] GO:0002039 [p53 binding] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003713 [transcription coactivator activity] GO:0004402 [histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0004674 [protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005667 [transcription factor complex] GO:0005669 [transcription factor TFIID complex] GO:0005730 [nucleolus] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006352 [DNA-templated transcription, initiation] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006366 [transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006367 [transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006368 [transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006974 [cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0007049 [cell cycle] GO:0008134 [transcription factor binding] GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0010629 [negative regulation of gene expression] GO:0010767 [regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to UV-induced DNA damage] GO:0016032 [viral process] GO:0016301 [kinase activity] GO:0016310 [phosphorylation] GO:0016573 [histone acetylation] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0016746 [transferase activity, transferring acyl groups] GO:0017025 [TBP-class protein binding] GO:0018105 [peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0018107 [peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0030901 [midbrain development] GO:0032092 [positive regulation of protein binding] GO:0032436 [positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0034644 [cellular response to UV] GO:0036369 [transcription factor catabolic process] GO:0042787 [protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0044212 [transcription regulatory region DNA binding] GO:0045943 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0046777 [protein autophosphorylation] GO:0046982 [protein heterodimerization activity] GO:0050821 [protein stabilization] GO:0051123 [RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly] GO:0060260 [regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0060261 [positive regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0061628 [H3K27me3 modified histone binding] GO:0061631 [ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity] GO:0070577 [lysine-acetylated histone binding] GO:0071318 [cellular response to ATP] GO:0071339 [MLL1 complex] GO:1901796 [regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator] GO:1902806 [regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition] GO:1903026 [negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:1905524 [negative regulation of protein autoubiquitination] GO:2000059 [negative regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:2000825 [positive regulation of androgen receptor activity]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Transcription factors Other all-alpha-helical DNA-binding domains Cancer-related genes Mutational cancer driver genes Disease related genes Potential drug targets Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding] GO:0000209 [protein polyubiquitination] GO:0000790 [nuclear chromatin] GO:0000979 [RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001075 [transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific binding involved in preinitiation complex assembly] GO:0001129 [RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, TBP-class protein binding, involved in preinitiation complex assembly] GO:0002039 [p53 binding] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003713 [transcription coactivator activity] GO:0004402 [histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0004674 [protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005667 [transcription factor complex] GO:0005669 [transcription factor TFIID complex] GO:0005730 [nucleolus] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006352 [DNA-templated transcription, initiation] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006366 [transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006367 [transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006368 [transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006974 [cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0007049 [cell cycle] GO:0008134 [transcription factor binding] GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0010629 [negative regulation of gene expression] GO:0010767 [regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to UV-induced DNA damage] GO:0016032 [viral process] GO:0016301 [kinase activity] GO:0016310 [phosphorylation] GO:0016573 [histone acetylation] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0016746 [transferase activity, transferring acyl groups] GO:0017025 [TBP-class protein binding] GO:0018105 [peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0018107 [peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0030901 [midbrain development] GO:0032092 [positive regulation of protein binding] GO:0032436 [positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0034644 [cellular response to UV] GO:0036369 [transcription factor catabolic process] GO:0042787 [protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0044212 [transcription regulatory region DNA binding] GO:0045943 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0046777 [protein autophosphorylation] GO:0046982 [protein heterodimerization activity] GO:0050821 [protein stabilization] GO:0051123 [RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly] GO:0060260 [regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0060261 [positive regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0061628 [H3K27me3 modified histone binding] GO:0061631 [ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity] GO:0070577 [lysine-acetylated histone binding] GO:0071318 [cellular response to ATP] GO:0071339 [MLL1 complex] GO:1901796 [regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator] GO:1902806 [regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition] GO:1903026 [negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:1905524 [negative regulation of protein autoubiquitination] GO:2000059 [negative regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:2000825 [positive regulation of androgen receptor activity]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Transcription factors Other all-alpha-helical DNA-binding domains Cancer-related genes Mutational cancer driver genes Disease related genes Potential drug targets Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding] GO:0000209 [protein polyubiquitination] GO:0000790 [nuclear chromatin] GO:0000979 [RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001075 [transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific binding involved in preinitiation complex assembly] GO:0001129 [RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, TBP-class protein binding, involved in preinitiation complex assembly] GO:0002039 [p53 binding] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003713 [transcription coactivator activity] GO:0004402 [histone acetyltransferase activity] GO:0004674 [protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005667 [transcription factor complex] GO:0005669 [transcription factor TFIID complex] GO:0005730 [nucleolus] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006352 [DNA-templated transcription, initiation] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006366 [transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006367 [transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006368 [transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006974 [cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0007049 [cell cycle] GO:0008134 [transcription factor binding] GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0010629 [negative regulation of gene expression] GO:0010767 [regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to UV-induced DNA damage] GO:0016032 [viral process] GO:0016301 [kinase activity] GO:0016310 [phosphorylation] GO:0016573 [histone acetylation] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0016746 [transferase activity, transferring acyl groups] GO:0017025 [TBP-class protein binding] GO:0018105 [peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0018107 [peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0030901 [midbrain development] GO:0032092 [positive regulation of protein binding] GO:0032436 [positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0034644 [cellular response to UV] GO:0036369 [transcription factor catabolic process] GO:0042787 [protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0044212 [transcription regulatory region DNA binding] GO:0045943 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0046777 [protein autophosphorylation] GO:0046982 [protein heterodimerization activity] GO:0050821 [protein stabilization] GO:0051123 [RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly] GO:0060260 [regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0060261 [positive regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0061628 [H3K27me3 modified histone binding] GO:0061631 [ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity] GO:0070577 [lysine-acetylated histone binding] GO:0071318 [cellular response to ATP] GO:0071339 [MLL1 complex] GO:1901796 [regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator] GO:1902806 [regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition] GO:1903026 [negative regulation of RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:1905524 [negative regulation of protein autoubiquitination] GO:2000059 [negative regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:2000825 [positive regulation of androgen receptor activity]
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