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RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue/cell line enriched, group enriched, tissue/cell line enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data from cancer tissues and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data from normal tissues and cell lines.
TCGA (cancer tissue):
Expressed in all
HPA (cell line):
Expressed in all
HPA (normal tissue):
Expressed in all
Protein evidencei
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
Protein expression normal tissuei
A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.
"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.
Antibody staining consistent with RNA expression data.
Reliability score - normal tissuesi
Reliability score (score description), divided into Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between antibody staining pattern, available RNA-Seq and gene/protein characterization data, as well as similarity between independent antibodies targeting the same protein.
Kaplan-Meier plots for all cancers where high expression of this gene has significant (p<0.001) association with patient survival are shown in this summary. Whether the prognosis is favourable or unfavourable is indicated in brackets. Each Kaplan-Meier plot is clickable and redirects to a detailed page that includes individual expression and survival data for patients with the selected cancer.
RNA expression overview shows RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
TCGA dataseti
RNA-seq data in 17 cancer types are reported as median FPKM (number Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Million reads), generated by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RNA cancer tissue category is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all 17 cancer tissues and include: cancer tissue enriched, cancer group enriched, cancer tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. To access cancer specific RNA and prognostic data, click on the cancer name. The cancer types are color-coded according to which type of normal organ the cancer originates from.
Antibody staining in 20 different cancers is summarized by a selection of four standard cancer tissue samples representative of the overall staining pattern. From left: colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. An additional fifth image can be added as a complement. The assay and annotation is described here. Note that samples used for immunohistochemistry by the Human Protein Atlas do not correspond to samples in the TCGA dataset.
For each cancer, color-coded bars indicate the percentage of patients (maximum 12 patients) with high and medium protein expression level. The cancer types are color-coded according to which type of normal organ the cancer originates from. Low or not detected protein expression results in a white bar. Mouse-over function shows details about expression level and normal tissue of origin. The images and annotations can be accessed by clicking on the cancer name or protein expression bar. If more than one antibody is analyzed, the tabs at the top of the staining summary section can be used to toggle between the different antibodies.
A fraction of cells in most cancer tissues showed moderate to strong nuclear positivity. Several cases of gliomas were negative.
Most cancers showed strong nuclear positivity with additional weak cytoplasmic staining in several tissues. A few gliomas and lymphomas were negative.
Subsets of cells in cancer tissues showed moderate to strong nuclear immunoreactivity. Many cases of gliomas were negative.
Moderate nuclear positivity was observed in most cancer cells.
GENE INFORMATIONi
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name
PCNA
Synonyms
Description
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleus and is a cofactor of DNA polymerase delta. The encoded protein acts as a homotrimer and helps increase the processivity of leading strand synthesis during DNA replication. In response to DNA damage, this protein is ubiquitinated and is involved in the RAD6-dependent DNA repair pathway. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene have been described on chromosome 4 and on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
PCNA-001
PCNA-002
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000082 [G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0000083 [regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0000701 [purine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity] GO:0000722 [telomere maintenance via recombination] GO:0000723 [telomere maintenance] GO:0000784 [nuclear chromosome, telomeric region] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0003684 [damaged DNA binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005657 [replication fork] GO:0005663 [DNA replication factor C complex] GO:0005813 [centrosome] GO:0006260 [DNA replication] GO:0006266 [DNA ligation] GO:0006275 [regulation of DNA replication] GO:0006281 [DNA repair] GO:0006283 [transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair] GO:0006296 [nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5'-to lesion] GO:0006297 [nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling] GO:0006298 [mismatch repair] GO:0006974 [cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0006977 [DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest] GO:0008283 [cell proliferation] GO:0016604 [nuclear body] GO:0016925 [protein sumoylation] GO:0019899 [enzyme binding] GO:0019985 [translesion synthesis] GO:0030337 [DNA polymerase processivity factor activity] GO:0030855 [epithelial cell differentiation] GO:0030894 [replisome] GO:0030971 [receptor tyrosine kinase binding] GO:0031297 [replication fork processing] GO:0032077 [positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity] GO:0032139 [dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding] GO:0032405 [MutLalpha complex binding] GO:0033683 [nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision] GO:0034644 [cellular response to UV] GO:0035035 [histone acetyltransferase binding] GO:0042276 [error-prone translesion synthesis] GO:0042769 [DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0043596 [nuclear replication fork] GO:0043626 [PCNA complex] GO:0045739 [positive regulation of DNA repair] GO:0045740 [positive regulation of DNA replication] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:0070182 [DNA polymerase binding] GO:0070557 [PCNA-p21 complex] GO:0070987 [error-free translesion synthesis] GO:1902990 [mitotic telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication]
Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000082 [G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0000083 [regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0000701 [purine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity] GO:0000722 [telomere maintenance via recombination] GO:0000723 [telomere maintenance] GO:0000784 [nuclear chromosome, telomeric region] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0003684 [damaged DNA binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005657 [replication fork] GO:0005663 [DNA replication factor C complex] GO:0005813 [centrosome] GO:0006260 [DNA replication] GO:0006266 [DNA ligation] GO:0006275 [regulation of DNA replication] GO:0006281 [DNA repair] GO:0006283 [transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair] GO:0006296 [nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5'-to lesion] GO:0006297 [nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling] GO:0006298 [mismatch repair] GO:0006974 [cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0006977 [DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest] GO:0006979 [response to oxidative stress] GO:0007507 [heart development] GO:0008283 [cell proliferation] GO:0016604 [nuclear body] GO:0016925 [protein sumoylation] GO:0019899 [enzyme binding] GO:0019985 [translesion synthesis] GO:0030331 [estrogen receptor binding] GO:0030337 [DNA polymerase processivity factor activity] GO:0030855 [epithelial cell differentiation] GO:0030894 [replisome] GO:0030971 [receptor tyrosine kinase binding] GO:0031297 [replication fork processing] GO:0032077 [positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity] GO:0032139 [dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding] GO:0032355 [response to estradiol] GO:0032405 [MutLalpha complex binding] GO:0033683 [nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision] GO:0033993 [response to lipid] GO:0034644 [cellular response to UV] GO:0035035 [histone acetyltransferase binding] GO:0042276 [error-prone translesion synthesis] GO:0042769 [DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0043596 [nuclear replication fork] GO:0043626 [PCNA complex] GO:0044849 [estrous cycle] GO:0045739 [positive regulation of DNA repair] GO:0045740 [positive regulation of DNA replication] GO:0046686 [response to cadmium ion] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:0070182 [DNA polymerase binding] GO:0070301 [cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0070557 [PCNA-p21 complex] GO:0070987 [error-free translesion synthesis] GO:0071548 [response to dexamethasone] GO:0097421 [liver regeneration] GO:1902065 [response to L-glutamate] GO:1902990 [mitotic telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication]
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