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RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for data imported from The Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEX), FANTOM5 Consortium (FANTOM5) and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data.
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
Protein expressioni
A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.
"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.
Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data.
Reliability scorei
Reliability score (score description), divided into Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between antibody staining pattern, available RNA-Seq and gene/protein characterization data, as well as similarity between independent antibodies targeting the same protein.
Below is an overview of RNA and protein expression data generated in the Human Protein Atlas project. Analyzed tissues are divided into color-coded groups according to which functional features they have in common. For each group, a list of included tissues is accessed by clicking on group name, group symbol, RNA bar, or protein bar. Subsequent selection of a particular tissue in this list links to the image data page.
Images of selected tissues give a visual summary of the protein expression profile furthest to the right.
The gray human body provides links to a histology dictionary when clicking on any part of the figure.
RNA expression (TPM)i
RNA-seq results generated in HPA are reported as number of transcripts per million (TPM). Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. The assay is described more in detail in Assays & Annotation.
Protein expression (score)i
Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. Protein expression scores are based on a best estimate of the "true" protein expression from a knowledge-based annotation, described more in detail under Assays & annotation. For genes where more than one antibody has been used, a collective score is set displaying the estimated true protein expression.
Protein expression data is shown for each of the 44 tissues. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. Mouse-over function shows protein score for analyzed cell types in a selected tissue. To access image data click on tissue name or bar. Annotation of protein expression is described in detail in Assays & annotation.
For genes with available protein data for which a knowledge-based annotation gave inconclusive results, no protein expression data is displayed in the protein expression data overview. However, all immunohistochemical images are still available and the annotation data can be found under Primary data.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi
RNA expression overview shows RNA-data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) RNA-seq data, RNA-seq data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and CAGE data from FANTOM5 project. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA dataseti
HPA dataset RNA-seq tissue data is reported as mean TPM (transcripts per million), corresponding to mean values of the different individual samples from each tissue. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar. The RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category HPA HPA RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
GTEx dataseti
GTEx dataset RNA-seq data is reported as median RPKM (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads), generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category GTEx GTEx RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
FANTOM5 dataseti
FANTOM5 dataset Tissue data obtained through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) are reported as Tags Per Million, generated by the FANTOM5 project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category FANTOM5 FANTOM5 RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on gene expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
GENE INFORMATIONi
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name
PRKAA1 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
AMPKa1
Description
Protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ser/thr protein kinase family. It is the catalytic subunit of the 5'-prime-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a cellular energy sensor conserved in all eukaryotic cells. The kinase activity of AMPK is activated by the stimuli that increase the cellular AMP/ATP ratio. AMPK regulates the activities of a number of key metabolic enzymes through phosphorylation. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
PRKAA1-001
PRKAA1-002
PRKAA1-003
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Q13131 [Direct mapping] 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1
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Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinases MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding] GO:0000187 [activation of MAPK activity] GO:0001666 [response to hypoxia] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0004672 [protein kinase activity] GO:0004674 [protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004679 [AMP-activated protein kinase activity] GO:0004691 [cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005622 [intracellular] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0006006 [glucose metabolic process] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006629 [lipid metabolic process] GO:0006631 [fatty acid metabolic process] GO:0006633 [fatty acid biosynthetic process] GO:0006694 [steroid biosynthetic process] GO:0006695 [cholesterol biosynthetic process] GO:0006914 [autophagy] GO:0007050 [cell cycle arrest] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0008022 [protein C-terminus binding] GO:0008202 [steroid metabolic process] GO:0008203 [cholesterol metabolic process] GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0008610 [lipid biosynthetic process] GO:0009411 [response to UV] GO:0009631 [cold acclimation] GO:0010332 [response to gamma radiation] GO:0010508 [positive regulation of autophagy] GO:0010628 [positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0014823 [response to activity] GO:0016055 [Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0016126 [sterol biosynthetic process] GO:0016236 [macroautophagy] GO:0016301 [kinase activity] GO:0016310 [phosphorylation] GO:0016324 [apical plasma membrane] GO:0016569 [covalent chromatin modification] GO:0016607 [nuclear speck] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0019395 [fatty acid oxidation] GO:0019900 [kinase binding] GO:0031000 [response to caffeine] GO:0031588 [nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex] GO:0031669 [cellular response to nutrient levels] GO:0032007 [negative regulation of TOR signaling] GO:0033135 [regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0035174 [histone serine kinase activity] GO:0035404 [histone-serine phosphorylation] GO:0035556 [intracellular signal transduction] GO:0042149 [cellular response to glucose starvation] GO:0042542 [response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0042593 [glucose homeostasis] GO:0042752 [regulation of circadian rhythm] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043234 [protein complex] GO:0045542 [positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process] GO:0045821 [positive regulation of glycolytic process] GO:0046318 [negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0047322 [[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase activity] GO:0048511 [rhythmic process] GO:0048643 [positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development] GO:0050321 [tau-protein kinase activity] GO:0050405 [[acetyl-CoA carboxylase] kinase activity] GO:0050995 [negative regulation of lipid catabolic process] GO:0051291 [protein heterooligomerization] GO:0055089 [fatty acid homeostasis] GO:0060627 [regulation of vesicle-mediated transport] GO:0061762 [CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade] GO:0070301 [cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0071361 [cellular response to ethanol] GO:0071380 [cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus] GO:0071417 [cellular response to organonitrogen compound] GO:0071456 [cellular response to hypoxia] GO:1901563 [response to camptothecin] GO:1901796 [regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator] GO:2000505 [regulation of energy homeostasis] GO:2001274 [negative regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus]
Q13131 [Direct mapping] 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1
Show all
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinases MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding] GO:0000187 [activation of MAPK activity] GO:0001666 [response to hypoxia] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0004672 [protein kinase activity] GO:0004674 [protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004679 [AMP-activated protein kinase activity] GO:0004691 [cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005622 [intracellular] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006629 [lipid metabolic process] GO:0006631 [fatty acid metabolic process] GO:0006633 [fatty acid biosynthetic process] GO:0006694 [steroid biosynthetic process] GO:0006695 [cholesterol biosynthetic process] GO:0006914 [autophagy] GO:0007050 [cell cycle arrest] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0008202 [steroid metabolic process] GO:0008203 [cholesterol metabolic process] GO:0008610 [lipid biosynthetic process] GO:0010332 [response to gamma radiation] GO:0010508 [positive regulation of autophagy] GO:0010628 [positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0016055 [Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0016126 [sterol biosynthetic process] GO:0016236 [macroautophagy] GO:0016301 [kinase activity] GO:0016310 [phosphorylation] GO:0016569 [covalent chromatin modification] GO:0016607 [nuclear speck] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0031588 [nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex] GO:0031669 [cellular response to nutrient levels] GO:0032007 [negative regulation of TOR signaling] GO:0035174 [histone serine kinase activity] GO:0035404 [histone-serine phosphorylation] GO:0035556 [intracellular signal transduction] GO:0042149 [cellular response to glucose starvation] GO:0042593 [glucose homeostasis] GO:0042752 [regulation of circadian rhythm] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0045542 [positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process] GO:0045821 [positive regulation of glycolytic process] GO:0046318 [negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0047322 [[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase activity] GO:0048511 [rhythmic process] GO:0050321 [tau-protein kinase activity] GO:0050405 [[acetyl-CoA carboxylase] kinase activity] GO:0050995 [negative regulation of lipid catabolic process] GO:0055089 [fatty acid homeostasis] GO:0061762 [CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade] GO:1901796 [regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator] GO:2000505 [regulation of energy homeostasis]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
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