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RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue/cell line enriched, group enriched, tissue/cell line enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data from cancer tissues and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data from normal tissues and cell lines.
TCGA (cancer tissue):
Expressed in all
HPA (cell line):
Expressed in all
HPA (normal tissue):
Expressed in all
Protein evidencei
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
Protein expression normal tissuei
A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.
"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
Distinct nuclear expression in several different cell types, mainly in highly proliferative cells.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY DATA RELIABILITY
Data reliability descriptioni
Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.
Antibody staining consistent with RNA expression data.
Reliability score - normal tissuesi
Reliability score (score description), divided into Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between antibody staining pattern, available RNA-Seq and gene/protein characterization data, as well as similarity between independent antibodies targeting the same protein.
Kaplan-Meier plots for all cancers where high expression of this gene has significant (p<0.001) association with patient survival are shown in this summary. Whether the prognosis is favourable or unfavourable is indicated in brackets. Each Kaplan-Meier plot is clickable and redirects to a detailed page that includes individual expression and survival data for patients with the selected cancer.
RNA expression overview shows RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
TCGA dataseti
RNA-seq data in 17 cancer types are reported as median FPKM (number Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Million reads), generated by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RNA cancer tissue category is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all 17 cancer tissues and include: cancer tissue enriched, cancer group enriched, cancer tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. To access cancer specific RNA and prognostic data, click on the cancer name. The cancer types are color-coded according to which type of normal organ the cancer originates from.
Antibody staining in 20 different cancers is summarized by a selection of four standard cancer tissue samples representative of the overall staining pattern. From left: colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. An additional fifth image can be added as a complement. The assay and annotation is described here. Note that samples used for immunohistochemistry by the Human Protein Atlas do not correspond to samples in the TCGA dataset.
For each cancer, color-coded bars indicate the percentage of patients (maximum 12 patients) with high and medium protein expression level. The cancer types are color-coded according to which type of normal organ the cancer originates from. Low or not detected protein expression results in a white bar. Mouse-over function shows details about expression level and normal tissue of origin. The images and annotations can be accessed by clicking on the cancer name or protein expression bar. If more than one antibody is analyzed, the tabs at the top of the staining summary section can be used to toggle between the different antibodies.
Cases of colorectal, breast, cervical, head and neck cancers and malignant lymphomas showed moderate nuclear positivity. Remaining malignancies were weakly stained or negative.
Malignant cells displayed weak to moderate nuclear positivity. Several malignant lymphomas, lung, gastric and colorectal cancers were strongly stained. Prostate cancers were negative.
GENE INFORMATIONi
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name
DNMT1 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
CXXC9, DNMT, MCMT
Description
DNA methyltransferase 1 (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
This gene encodes an enzyme that transfers methyl groups to cytosine nucleotides of genomic DNA. This protein is the major enzyme responsible for maintaining methylation patterns following DNA replication and shows a preference for hemi-methylated DNA. Methylation of DNA is an important component of mammalian epigenetic gene regulation. Aberrant methylation patterns are found in human tumors and associated with developmental abnormalities. Variation in this gene has been associated with cerebellar ataxia, deafness, and narcolepsy, and neuropathy, hereditary sensory, type IE. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
DNMT1-001
DNMT1-002
DNMT1-005
DNMT1-009
DNMT1-010
DNMT1-011
DNMT1-012
DNMT1-013
DNMT1-201
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
P26358 [Direct mapping] DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1
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Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Transcription factors Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains Disease related genes FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0003886 [DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0006306 [DNA methylation] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0007265 [Ras protein signal transduction] GO:0008168 [methyltransferase activity] GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding] GO:0009008 [DNA-methyltransferase activity] GO:0010216 [maintenance of DNA methylation] GO:0010628 [positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0016569 [covalent chromatin modification] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0032259 [methylation] GO:0045814 [negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0051571 [positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation] GO:0051573 [negative regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation] GO:0090116 [C-5 methylation of cytosine] GO:0090309 [positive regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing] GO:1990841 [promoter-specific chromatin binding]
P26358 [Direct mapping] DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1
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Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Transcription factors Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains Disease related genes FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0000792 [heterochromatin] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0003723 [RNA binding] GO:0003886 [DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005657 [replication fork] GO:0005721 [pericentric heterochromatin] GO:0006306 [DNA methylation] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0007265 [Ras protein signal transduction] GO:0008168 [methyltransferase activity] GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding] GO:0008327 [methyl-CpG binding] GO:0009008 [DNA-methyltransferase activity] GO:0010216 [maintenance of DNA methylation] GO:0010468 [regulation of gene expression] GO:0010628 [positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0016458 [gene silencing] GO:0016569 [covalent chromatin modification] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0032259 [methylation] GO:0032776 [DNA methylation on cytosine] GO:0042127 [regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0043045 [DNA methylation involved in embryo development] GO:0045814 [negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic] GO:0045892 [negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0051571 [positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation] GO:0051573 [negative regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation] GO:0071230 [cellular response to amino acid stimulus] GO:0090116 [C-5 methylation of cytosine] GO:0090309 [positive regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing] GO:1990841 [promoter-specific chromatin binding]
P26358 [Direct mapping] DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1
Show all
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Transcription factors Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains Disease related genes FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0003886 [DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0006306 [DNA methylation] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0007265 [Ras protein signal transduction] GO:0008168 [methyltransferase activity] GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding] GO:0009008 [DNA-methyltransferase activity] GO:0010216 [maintenance of DNA methylation] GO:0010628 [positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0016569 [covalent chromatin modification] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0032259 [methylation] GO:0045814 [negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0051571 [positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation] GO:0051573 [negative regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation] GO:0090116 [C-5 methylation of cytosine] GO:0090309 [positive regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing] GO:1990841 [promoter-specific chromatin binding]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
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