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RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for data imported from The Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEX), FANTOM5 Consortium (FANTOM5) and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data.
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
Protein expressioni
A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.
"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
Cytoplasmic and nuclear expression at variable levels in all tissues.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY DATA RELIABILITY
Data reliability descriptioni
Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.
Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data.
Reliability scorei
Reliability score (score description), divided into Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between antibody staining pattern, available RNA-Seq and gene/protein characterization data, as well as similarity between independent antibodies targeting the same protein.
Below is an overview of RNA and protein expression data generated in the Human Protein Atlas project. Analyzed tissues are divided into color-coded groups according to which functional features they have in common. For each group, a list of included tissues is accessed by clicking on group name, group symbol, RNA bar, or protein bar. Subsequent selection of a particular tissue in this list links to the image data page.
Images of selected tissues give a visual summary of the protein expression profile furthest to the right.
The gray human body provides links to a histology dictionary when clicking on any part of the figure.
RNA expression (TPM)i
RNA-seq results generated in HPA are reported as number of transcripts per million (TPM). Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. The assay is described more in detail in Assays & Annotation.
Protein expression (score)i
Each bar represents the highest expression score found in a particular group of tissues. Protein expression scores are based on a best estimate of the "true" protein expression from a knowledge-based annotation, described more in detail under Assays & annotation. For genes where more than one antibody has been used, a collective score is set displaying the estimated true protein expression.
Protein expression data is shown for each of the 44 tissues. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. Mouse-over function shows protein score for analyzed cell types in a selected tissue. To access image data click on tissue name or bar. Annotation of protein expression is described in detail in Assays & annotation.
For genes with available protein data for which a knowledge-based annotation gave inconclusive results, no protein expression data is displayed in the protein expression data overview. However, all immunohistochemical images are still available and the annotation data can be found under Primary data.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEWi
RNA expression overview shows RNA-data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) RNA-seq data, RNA-seq data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project and CAGE data from FANTOM5 project. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA dataseti
HPA dataset RNA-seq tissue data is reported as mean TPM (transcripts per million), corresponding to mean values of the different individual samples from each tissue. Color-coding is based on tissue groups, each consisting of tissues with functional features in common. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar. The RNA-seq assay is described in detail in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category HPA HPA RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
GTEx dataseti
GTEx dataset RNA-seq data is reported as median RPKM (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads), generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category GTEx GTEx RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
FANTOM5 dataseti
FANTOM5 dataset Tissue data obtained through Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) are reported as Tags Per Million, generated by the FANTOM5 project. More information can be found in Assays & Annotation.
RNA tissue category FANTOM5 FANTOM5 RNA tissue category (category description) is calculated based on gene expression levels across all tissues and include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected.
Organ
Expression
Alphabetical
RNA tissue category: Expressed in all
GENE INFORMATIONi
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
This gene is a protooncogene that encodes a protein tyrosine kinase involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell division, adhesion, differentiation, and response to stress. The activity of the protein is negatively regulated by its SH3 domain, whereby deletion of the region encoding this domain results in an oncogene. The ubiquitously expressed protein has DNA-binding activity that is regulated by CDC2-mediated phosphorylation, suggesting a cell cycle function. This gene has been found fused to a variety of translocation partner genes in various leukemias, most notably the t(9;22) translocation that results in a fusion with the 5' end of the breakpoint cluster region gene (BCR; MIM:151410). Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants, which contain alternative first exons that are spliced to the remaining common exons. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
ABL1-001
ABL1-002
ABL1-003
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases Tyr protein kinases Predicted intracellular proteins RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Mutational cancer driver genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Translocations Disease related genes FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding] GO:0000287 [magnesium ion binding] GO:0001934 [positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003785 [actin monomer binding] GO:0004515 [nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity] GO:0004672 [protein kinase activity] GO:0004713 [protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004715 [non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0005080 [protein kinase C binding] GO:0005102 [receptor binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005730 [nucleolus] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0005856 [cytoskeleton] GO:0006281 [DNA repair] GO:0006298 [mismatch repair] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006464 [cellular protein modification process] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006897 [endocytosis] GO:0006914 [autophagy] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0006974 [cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0006975 [DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation] GO:0006979 [response to oxidative stress] GO:0007050 [cell cycle arrest] GO:0007067 [mitotic nuclear division] GO:0007155 [cell adhesion] GO:0007204 [positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration] GO:0008022 [protein C-terminus binding] GO:0008630 [intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage] GO:0010506 [regulation of autophagy] GO:0015629 [actin cytoskeleton] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0016301 [kinase activity] GO:0016310 [phosphorylation] GO:0016604 [nuclear body] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0017124 [SH3 domain binding] GO:0018108 [peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0019905 [syntaxin binding] GO:0030036 [actin cytoskeleton organization] GO:0030100 [regulation of endocytosis] GO:0030145 [manganese ion binding] GO:0030155 [regulation of cell adhesion] GO:0030516 [regulation of axon extension] GO:0031113 [regulation of microtubule polymerization] GO:0031234 [extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane] GO:0031965 [nuclear membrane] GO:0032956 [regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization] GO:0034599 [cellular response to oxidative stress] GO:0035791 [platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway] GO:0038083 [peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation] GO:0038096 [Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis] GO:0042127 [regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0042770 [signal transduction in response to DNA damage] GO:0043065 [positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045184 [establishment of protein localization] GO:0046777 [protein autophosphorylation] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0050731 [positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0051019 [mitogen-activated protein kinase binding] GO:0051149 [positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation] GO:0051353 [positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity] GO:0051444 [negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity] GO:0051882 [mitochondrial depolarization] GO:0070064 [proline-rich region binding] GO:0070301 [cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0071901 [negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:1900275 [negative regulation of phospholipase C activity] GO:1903351 [cellular response to dopamine] GO:1904528 [positive regulation of microtubule binding] GO:1904531 [positive regulation of actin filament binding] GO:1990051 [activation of protein kinase C activity] GO:2000145 [regulation of cell motility] GO:2000249 [regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization] GO:2001020 [regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases Tyr protein kinases Predicted intracellular proteins RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Mutational cancer driver genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Translocations Disease related genes FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding] GO:0000287 [magnesium ion binding] GO:0001843 [neural tube closure] GO:0001922 [B-1 B cell homeostasis] GO:0001934 [positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0002322 [B cell proliferation involved in immune response] GO:0002333 [transitional one stage B cell differentiation] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003785 [actin monomer binding] GO:0004515 [nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity] GO:0004672 [protein kinase activity] GO:0004713 [protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0004715 [non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity] GO:0005080 [protein kinase C binding] GO:0005102 [receptor binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005730 [nucleolus] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0005856 [cytoskeleton] GO:0006281 [DNA repair] GO:0006298 [mismatch repair] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006464 [cellular protein modification process] GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation] GO:0006897 [endocytosis] GO:0006909 [phagocytosis] GO:0006914 [autophagy] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0006974 [cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0006975 [DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation] GO:0006979 [response to oxidative stress] GO:0007050 [cell cycle arrest] GO:0007067 [mitotic nuclear division] GO:0007155 [cell adhesion] GO:0007173 [epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007204 [positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration] GO:0008022 [protein C-terminus binding] GO:0008630 [intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage] GO:0009791 [post-embryonic development] GO:0010506 [regulation of autophagy] GO:0015629 [actin cytoskeleton] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0016301 [kinase activity] GO:0016310 [phosphorylation] GO:0016604 [nuclear body] GO:0016740 [transferase activity] GO:0017124 [SH3 domain binding] GO:0018108 [peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0019904 [protein domain specific binding] GO:0019905 [syntaxin binding] GO:0021587 [cerebellum morphogenesis] GO:0022408 [negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion] GO:0030035 [microspike assembly] GO:0030036 [actin cytoskeleton organization] GO:0030100 [regulation of endocytosis] GO:0030145 [manganese ion binding] GO:0030155 [regulation of cell adhesion] GO:0030182 [neuron differentiation] GO:0030514 [negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway] GO:0030516 [regulation of axon extension] GO:0031113 [regulation of microtubule polymerization] GO:0031234 [extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane] GO:0031252 [cell leading edge] GO:0031965 [nuclear membrane] GO:0032956 [regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization] GO:0033690 [positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation] GO:0034446 [substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading] GO:0034599 [cellular response to oxidative stress] GO:0035791 [platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway] GO:0038083 [peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation] GO:0038096 [Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis] GO:0042100 [B cell proliferation] GO:0042127 [regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0042770 [signal transduction in response to DNA damage] GO:0043065 [positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043123 [positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043124 [negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045184 [establishment of protein localization] GO:0045930 [negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0045931 [positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0046632 [alpha-beta T cell differentiation] GO:0046777 [protein autophosphorylation] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0048008 [platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0048536 [spleen development] GO:0048538 [thymus development] GO:0048668 [collateral sprouting] GO:0050731 [positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0050798 [activated T cell proliferation] GO:0050853 [B cell receptor signaling pathway] GO:0050885 [neuromuscular process controlling balance] GO:0051015 [actin filament binding] GO:0051019 [mitogen-activated protein kinase binding] GO:0051149 [positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation] GO:0051281 [positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol] GO:0051353 [positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity] GO:0051444 [negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity] GO:0051726 [regulation of cell cycle] GO:0051882 [mitochondrial depolarization] GO:0060020 [Bergmann glial cell differentiation] GO:0060563 [neuroepithelial cell differentiation] GO:0070064 [proline-rich region binding] GO:0070301 [cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0070373 [negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0070374 [positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0071222 [cellular response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0071901 [negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0072358 [cardiovascular system development] GO:0090135 [actin filament branching] GO:1900042 [positive regulation of interleukin-2 secretion] GO:1900275 [negative regulation of phospholipase C activity] GO:1901216 [positive regulation of neuron death] GO:1902715 [positive regulation of interferon-gamma secretion] GO:1903053 [regulation of extracellular matrix organization] GO:1903351 [cellular response to dopamine] GO:1904528 [positive regulation of microtubule binding] GO:1904531 [positive regulation of actin filament binding] GO:1990051 [activation of protein kinase C activity] GO:2000096 [positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway] GO:2000145 [regulation of cell motility] GO:2000249 [regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization] GO:2000352 [negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process] GO:2000772 [regulation of cellular senescence] GO:2000773 [negative regulation of cellular senescence] GO:2001020 [regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus]
Predicted intracellular proteins RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Mutational cancer driver genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Translocations Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)