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RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue/cell line enriched, group enriched, tissue/cell line enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data from cancer tissues and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data from normal tissues and cell lines.
TCGA (cancer tissue):
Expressed in all
HPA (cell line):
Expressed in all
HPA (normal tissue):
Expressed in all
Protein evidencei
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
Protein expression normal tissuei
A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.
"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
Cytoplasmic expression in several tissues, most abundant in skeletal muscle.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY DATA RELIABILITY
Data reliability descriptioni
Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.
Antibody staining mainly not consistent with RNA expression data. CAB004573 and HPA011165 may target different isoforms. Annotated protein expression is based on CAB004573.
Reliability score - normal tissuesi
Reliability score (score description), divided into Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between antibody staining pattern, available RNA-Seq and gene/protein characterization data, as well as similarity between independent antibodies targeting the same protein.
Kaplan-Meier plots for all cancers where high expression of this gene has significant (p<0.001) association with patient survival are shown in this summary. Whether the prognosis is favourable or unfavourable is indicated in brackets. Each Kaplan-Meier plot is clickable and redirects to a detailed page that includes individual expression and survival data for patients with the selected cancer.
RNA expression overview shows RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
TCGA dataseti
RNA-seq data in 17 cancer types are reported as median FPKM (number Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Million reads), generated by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RNA cancer tissue category is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all 17 cancer tissues and include: cancer tissue enriched, cancer group enriched, cancer tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. To access cancer specific RNA and prognostic data, click on the cancer name. The cancer types are color-coded according to which type of normal organ the cancer originates from.
Antibody staining in 20 different cancers is summarized by a selection of four standard cancer tissue samples representative of the overall staining pattern. From left: colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. An additional fifth image can be added as a complement. The assay and annotation is described here. Note that samples used for immunohistochemistry by the Human Protein Atlas do not correspond to samples in the TCGA dataset.
For each cancer, color-coded bars indicate the percentage of patients (maximum 12 patients) with high and medium protein expression level. The cancer types are color-coded according to which type of normal organ the cancer originates from. Low or not detected protein expression results in a white bar. Mouse-over function shows details about expression level and normal tissue of origin. The images and annotations can be accessed by clicking on the cancer name or protein expression bar. If more than one antibody is analyzed, the tabs at the top of the staining summary section can be used to toggle between the different antibodies.
All gliomas displayed moderate to strong cytoplasmic positivity. Other cancer tissues were weakly stained or negative.
Several cases of carcinoid and colorectal cancers showed weak cytoplasmic staining. Few cases of seminomas and colorectal cancers along with squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck displayed weak to moderate nucleolar positivity. Remaining cancer tissues were negative.
GENE INFORMATIONi
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name
SIRT2 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
SIR2L
Description
Sirtuin 2 (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
This gene encodes a member of the sirtuin family of proteins, homologs to the yeast Sir2 protein. Members of the sirtuin family are characterized by a sirtuin core domain and grouped into four classes. The functions of human sirtuins have not yet been determined; however, yeast sirtuin proteins are known to regulate epigenetic gene silencing and suppress recombination of rDNA. Studies suggest that the human sirtuins may function as intracellular regulatory proteins with mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. The protein encoded by this gene is included in class I of the sirtuin family. Several transcript variants are resulted from alternative splicing of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
SIRT2-001
SIRT2-002
SIRT2-005
SIRT2-006
SIRT2-007
SIRT2-008
SIRT2-016
SIRT2-201
SIRT2-202
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Q8IXJ6 [Direct mapping] NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2
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Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0000183 [chromatin silencing at rDNA] GO:0000781 [chromosome, telomeric region] GO:0002376 [immune system process] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0004407 [histone deacetylase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005677 [chromatin silencing complex] GO:0005694 [chromosome] GO:0005720 [nuclear heterochromatin] GO:0005730 [nucleolus] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] GO:0005813 [centrosome] GO:0005814 [centriole] GO:0005815 [microtubule organizing center] GO:0005819 [spindle] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0005856 [cytoskeleton] GO:0005874 [microtubule] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0006342 [chromatin silencing] GO:0006348 [chromatin silencing at telomere] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006471 [protein ADP-ribosylation] GO:0006476 [protein deacetylation] GO:0006914 [autophagy] GO:0007049 [cell cycle] GO:0007067 [mitotic nuclear division] GO:0007096 [regulation of exit from mitosis] GO:0007399 [nervous system development] GO:0008134 [transcription factor binding] GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding] GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0010507 [negative regulation of autophagy] GO:0010801 [negative regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0014065 [phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0016458 [gene silencing] GO:0016575 [histone deacetylation] GO:0016787 [hydrolase activity] GO:0016811 [hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amides] GO:0017136 [NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity] GO:0021762 [substantia nigra development] GO:0022011 [myelination in peripheral nervous system] GO:0030154 [cell differentiation] GO:0030426 [growth cone] GO:0030496 [midbody] GO:0031641 [regulation of myelination] GO:0032436 [positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0033010 [paranodal junction] GO:0033270 [paranode region of axon] GO:0033558 [protein deacetylase activity] GO:0034599 [cellular response to oxidative stress] GO:0034979 [NAD-dependent protein deacetylase activity] GO:0034983 [peptidyl-lysine deacetylation] GO:0035035 [histone acetyltransferase binding] GO:0035729 [cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus] GO:0042177 [negative regulation of protein catabolic process] GO:0042325 [regulation of phosphorylation] GO:0042826 [histone deacetylase binding] GO:0042903 [tubulin deacetylase activity] GO:0042995 [cell projection] GO:0043130 [ubiquitin binding] GO:0043161 [proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0043204 [perikaryon] GO:0043209 [myelin sheath] GO:0043219 [lateral loop] GO:0043220 [Schmidt-Lanterman incisure] GO:0043388 [positive regulation of DNA binding] GO:0043491 [protein kinase B signaling] GO:0044224 [juxtaparanode region of axon] GO:0044242 [cellular lipid catabolic process] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045598 [regulation of fat cell differentiation] GO:0045599 [negative regulation of fat cell differentiation] GO:0045836 [positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division] GO:0045843 [negative regulation of striated muscle tissue development] GO:0045892 [negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0046970 [NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H4-K16 specific)] GO:0048012 [hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0048487 [beta-tubulin binding] GO:0051287 [NAD binding] GO:0051301 [cell division] GO:0051321 [meiotic cell cycle] GO:0051726 [regulation of cell cycle] GO:0051775 [response to redox state] GO:0051781 [positive regulation of cell division] GO:0051987 [positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore] GO:0061428 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia] GO:0061433 [cellular response to caloric restriction] GO:0070403 [NAD+ binding] GO:0070446 [negative regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation] GO:0070932 [histone H3 deacetylation] GO:0070933 [histone H4 deacetylation] GO:0071219 [cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin] GO:0071456 [cellular response to hypoxia] GO:0071872 [cellular response to epinephrine stimulus] GO:0072686 [mitotic spindle] GO:0072687 [meiotic spindle] GO:0090042 [tubulin deacetylation] GO:0097386 [glial cell projection] GO:1900119 [positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis] GO:1900195 [positive regulation of oocyte maturation] GO:1900226 [negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly] GO:1900425 [negative regulation of defense response to bacterium] GO:1901026 [ripoptosome assembly involved in necroptotic process] GO:2000378 [negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process] GO:2000777 [positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process involved in cellular response to hypoxia]
Q8IXJ6 [Direct mapping] NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2 A0A024R0G8 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Sirtuin (Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 2 (S. cerevisiae), isoform CRA_a
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Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0000183 [chromatin silencing at rDNA] GO:0000781 [chromosome, telomeric region] GO:0002376 [immune system process] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0004407 [histone deacetylase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005677 [chromatin silencing complex] GO:0005694 [chromosome] GO:0005720 [nuclear heterochromatin] GO:0005730 [nucleolus] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005813 [centrosome] GO:0005814 [centriole] GO:0005815 [microtubule organizing center] GO:0005819 [spindle] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0005856 [cytoskeleton] GO:0005874 [microtubule] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0006342 [chromatin silencing] GO:0006348 [chromatin silencing at telomere] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006471 [protein ADP-ribosylation] GO:0006476 [protein deacetylation] GO:0006914 [autophagy] GO:0007049 [cell cycle] GO:0007067 [mitotic nuclear division] GO:0007096 [regulation of exit from mitosis] GO:0007399 [nervous system development] GO:0008134 [transcription factor binding] GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding] GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0010507 [negative regulation of autophagy] GO:0010801 [negative regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0014065 [phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0016458 [gene silencing] GO:0016575 [histone deacetylation] GO:0016787 [hydrolase activity] GO:0016811 [hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear amides] GO:0017136 [NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity] GO:0021762 [substantia nigra development] GO:0022011 [myelination in peripheral nervous system] GO:0030154 [cell differentiation] GO:0030426 [growth cone] GO:0030496 [midbody] GO:0031641 [regulation of myelination] GO:0032436 [positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0033010 [paranodal junction] GO:0033270 [paranode region of axon] GO:0033558 [protein deacetylase activity] GO:0034599 [cellular response to oxidative stress] GO:0034979 [NAD-dependent protein deacetylase activity] GO:0034983 [peptidyl-lysine deacetylation] GO:0035035 [histone acetyltransferase binding] GO:0035729 [cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus] GO:0042177 [negative regulation of protein catabolic process] GO:0042325 [regulation of phosphorylation] GO:0042826 [histone deacetylase binding] GO:0042903 [tubulin deacetylase activity] GO:0042995 [cell projection] GO:0043130 [ubiquitin binding] GO:0043161 [proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0043204 [perikaryon] GO:0043209 [myelin sheath] GO:0043219 [lateral loop] GO:0043220 [Schmidt-Lanterman incisure] GO:0043388 [positive regulation of DNA binding] GO:0043491 [protein kinase B signaling] GO:0044224 [juxtaparanode region of axon] GO:0044242 [cellular lipid catabolic process] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045599 [negative regulation of fat cell differentiation] GO:0045836 [positive regulation of meiotic nuclear division] GO:0045843 [negative regulation of striated muscle tissue development] GO:0045892 [negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0046970 [NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H4-K16 specific)] GO:0048012 [hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0051287 [NAD binding] GO:0051301 [cell division] GO:0051321 [meiotic cell cycle] GO:0051726 [regulation of cell cycle] GO:0051775 [response to redox state] GO:0051781 [positive regulation of cell division] GO:0051987 [positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore] GO:0061428 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia] GO:0061433 [cellular response to caloric restriction] GO:0070403 [NAD+ binding] GO:0070446 [negative regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation] GO:0070932 [histone H3 deacetylation] GO:0070933 [histone H4 deacetylation] GO:0071219 [cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin] GO:0071456 [cellular response to hypoxia] GO:0071872 [cellular response to epinephrine stimulus] GO:0072686 [mitotic spindle] GO:0072687 [meiotic spindle] GO:0090042 [tubulin deacetylation] GO:0097386 [glial cell projection] GO:1900119 [positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis] GO:1900195 [positive regulation of oocyte maturation] GO:1900425 [negative regulation of defense response to bacterium] GO:2000378 [negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process] GO:2000777 [positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process involved in cellular response to hypoxia]