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RNA category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples (RNA assay description). The categories include: tissue/cell line enriched, group enriched, tissue/cell line enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. RNA category is calculated separately for The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data from cancer tissues and internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data from normal tissues and cell lines.
TCGA (cancer tissue):
Expressed in all
HPA (cell line):
Mixed
HPA (normal tissue):
Tissue enhanced (testis)
Protein evidencei
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
Protein expression normal tissuei
A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation.
"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
Mainly expressed in thymus and a subset of cells in seminiferous ducts of testis.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY DATA RELIABILITY
Data reliability descriptioni
Standardized explanatory sentences with additional information required for full understanding of the knowledge-based expression profile.
Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data.
Reliability score - normal tissuesi
Reliability score (score description), divided into Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain, is evaluated in normal tissues and based on consistency between antibody staining pattern, available RNA-Seq and gene/protein characterization data, as well as similarity between independent antibodies targeting the same protein.
Kaplan-Meier plots for all cancers where high expression of this gene has significant (p<0.001) association with patient survival are shown in this summary. Whether the prognosis is favourable or unfavourable is indicated in brackets. Each Kaplan-Meier plot is clickable and redirects to a detailed page that includes individual expression and survival data for patients with the selected cancer.
RNA expression overview shows RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
TCGA dataseti
RNA-seq data in 17 cancer types are reported as median FPKM (number Fragments Per Kilobase of exon per Million reads), generated by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RNA cancer tissue category is calculated based on mRNA expression levels across all 17 cancer tissues and include: cancer tissue enriched, cancer group enriched, cancer tissue enhanced, expressed in all, mixed and not detected. To access cancer specific RNA and prognostic data, click on the cancer name. The cancer types are color-coded according to which type of normal organ the cancer originates from.
Antibody staining in 20 different cancers is summarized by a selection of four standard cancer tissue samples representative of the overall staining pattern. From left: colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. An additional fifth image can be added as a complement. The assay and annotation is described here. Note that samples used for immunohistochemistry by the Human Protein Atlas do not correspond to samples in the TCGA dataset.
For each cancer, color-coded bars indicate the percentage of patients (maximum 12 patients) with high and medium protein expression level. The cancer types are color-coded according to which type of normal organ the cancer originates from. Low or not detected protein expression results in a white bar. Mouse-over function shows details about expression level and normal tissue of origin. The images and annotations can be accessed by clicking on the cancer name or protein expression bar. If more than one antibody is analyzed, the tabs at the top of the staining summary section can be used to toggle between the different antibodies.
Most tumor cells showed weak to moderate nucleolar with additional cytoplasmic staining in some cases. Many hepatocellular carcinomas along with a few squamous cell carcinomas, melanomas, testis and prostate cancers were strongly stained.
Nuclear positivity of varying intensities was observed in fractions of tumor cells in several cases of most cancer tissues. Additional cytoplasmic staining was displayed in several cases. Testis cancer showed strongest staining.
GENE INFORMATIONi
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name
RAD51 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
BRCC5, FANCR, HsRad51, HsT16930, RAD51A, RECA
Description
RAD51 recombinase (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family. RAD51 family members are highly similar to bacterial RecA and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51, and are known to be involved in the homologous recombination and repair of DNA. This protein can interact with the ssDNA-binding protein RPA and RAD52, and it is thought to play roles in homologous pairing and strand transfer of DNA. This protein is also found to interact with BRCA1 and BRCA2, which may be important for the cellular response to DNA damage. BRCA2 is shown to regulate both the intracellular localization and DNA-binding ability of this protein. Loss of these controls following BRCA2 inactivation may be a key event leading to genomic instability and tumorigenesis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2009]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
RAD51-001
RAD51-002
RAD51-003
RAD51-006
RAD51-007
RAD51-008
RAD51-009
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Q06609 [Direct mapping] DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
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Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Q06609 [Direct mapping] DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Q06609 [Direct mapping] DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Q06609 [Direct mapping] DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000150 [recombinase activity] GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding] GO:0000228 [nuclear chromosome] GO:0000400 [four-way junction DNA binding] GO:0000722 [telomere maintenance via recombination] GO:0000724 [double-strand break repair via homologous recombination] GO:0000730 [DNA recombinase assembly] GO:0000731 [DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair] GO:0000732 [strand displacement] GO:0000784 [nuclear chromosome, telomeric region] GO:0000785 [chromatin] GO:0000790 [nuclear chromatin] GO:0000793 [condensed chromosome] GO:0000794 [condensed nuclear chromosome] GO:0000800 [lateral element] GO:0001932 [regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0003690 [double-stranded DNA binding] GO:0003697 [single-stranded DNA binding] GO:0004520 [endodeoxyribonuclease activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005524 [ATP binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005730 [nucleolus] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] GO:0005759 [mitochondrial matrix] GO:0005815 [microtubule organizing center] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0005856 [cytoskeleton] GO:0006259 [DNA metabolic process] GO:0006268 [DNA unwinding involved in DNA replication] GO:0006281 [DNA repair] GO:0006310 [DNA recombination] GO:0006312 [mitotic recombination] GO:0006974 [cellular response to DNA damage stimulus] GO:0007126 [meiotic nuclear division] GO:0007127 [meiosis I] GO:0007131 [reciprocal meiotic recombination] GO:0008022 [protein C-terminus binding] GO:0008094 [DNA-dependent ATPase activity] GO:0009636 [response to toxic substance] GO:0010165 [response to X-ray] GO:0010569 [regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination] GO:0010833 [telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening] GO:0014070 [response to organic cyclic compound] GO:0016605 [PML body] GO:0031297 [replication fork processing] GO:0032200 [telomere organization] GO:0035861 [site of double-strand break] GO:0036297 [interstrand cross-link repair] GO:0042148 [strand invasion] GO:0042493 [response to drug] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0043142 [single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity] GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0051106 [positive regulation of DNA ligation] GO:0051260 [protein homooligomerization] GO:0070182 [DNA polymerase binding] GO:0070192 [chromosome organization involved in meiotic cell cycle] GO:0071312 [cellular response to alkaloid] GO:0071479 [cellular response to ionizing radiation] GO:0071480 [cellular response to gamma radiation] GO:0072711 [cellular response to hydroxyurea] GO:0072719 [cellular response to cisplatin] GO:0072757 [cellular response to camptothecin] GO:1904631 [response to glucoside] GO:1990414 [replication-born double-strand break repair via sister chromatid exchange] GO:1990426 [mitotic recombination-dependent replication fork processing]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
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