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Show complete data for human cells assay. The location(s) are highlighted in the illustration on the right.
RNA cell categoryi
The cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas have been analyzed by RNA-seq to estimate the transcript abundance of each protein-coding gene. The RNA-seq data was then used to classify all genes according to their cell line-specific expression into one of six different categories, defined based on the total set of all TPM values in all analyzed cell lines.
Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.
Evidence at protein level
Main locationi
The main location is characterized by presence in all tested cell lines and/or increased intensity compared to other locations. It is highlighted in the illustration to the right. If available, links to overrepresentation analyses in Reactome, a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed biological pathway database, are provided. An analysis is done for the corresponding gene set of the proteome localizing to the main and additional locations of the protein on this page, respectively.
Not available
DATA RELIABILITY
Reliability scorei
A reliability score is set for all genes and indicates the level of reliability of the analyzed protein expression pattern based on available protein/RNA/gene characterization data. The reliability of the annotated protein expression data is also scored depending on similarity in immunostaining patterns and consistency with available experimental gene/protein characterization data in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database.
Below is an overview of RNA expression data generated in the HPA project. The analyzed cell lines are divided into 12 color-coded groups according to the organ they were obtained from. By clicking the toolbars in the top right corner it is possible to sort the cell lines in the chart by different criteria: the organ and the origin that the cell line was obtained from, the category of the cell line according to cellosaurus, alphabetically or by descending RNA expression. Detailed information about a specific cell line can be accessed by hovering over the corresponding bar in the chart. The RNA-sequencing results generated in the HPA are reported as number of Transcripts per Kilobase Million (TPM). In the Human Protein Atlas a TPM value of 1.0 is defined as a treshhold for expression of the corresponding protein.
The cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas have been analyzed by RNA-seq to estimate the transcript abundance of each protein-coding gene. The RNA-seq data was then used to classify all genes according to their cell line-specific expression into one of six different categories, defined based on the total set of all TPM values in all analyzed cell lines.
Cell lines sorted after organ of phenotypic resemblance.
Cell lines sorted after biological source for establishment.
Cell lines sorted after the cell line category according to Cellosaurus.
Cell lines sorted on descending RNA expression.
Cell lines sorted alphabetically.
GENE INFORMATIONi
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name
LTF (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
HLF2
Description
Lactotransferrin (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
This gene is a member of the transferrin family of genes and its protein product is found in the secondary granules of neutrophils. The protein is a major iron-binding protein in milk and body secretions with an antimicrobial activity, making it an important component of the non-specific immune system. The protein demonstrates a broad spectrum of properties, including regulation of iron homeostasis, host defense against a broad range of microbial infections, anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of cellular growth and differentiation and protection against cancer development and metastasis. Antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic activity has been found for this protein and its peptides. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.
At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.
Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more).
The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more).
If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed.
Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
LTF-001
LTF-002
LTF-003
LTF-005
LTF-011
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001503 [ossification] GO:0001817 [regulation of cytokine production] GO:0001895 [retina homeostasis] GO:0002227 [innate immune response in mucosa] GO:0002376 [immune system process] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0004252 [serine-type endopeptidase activity] GO:0005506 [iron ion binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005615 [extracellular space] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0006351 [transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006508 [proteolysis] GO:0006810 [transport] GO:0006811 [ion transport] GO:0006959 [humoral immune response] GO:0008201 [heparin binding] GO:0008233 [peptidase activity] GO:0008236 [serine-type peptidase activity] GO:0009986 [cell surface] GO:0016787 [hydrolase activity] GO:0019730 [antimicrobial humoral response] GO:0019731 [antibacterial humoral response] GO:0019732 [antifungal humoral response] GO:0030141 [secretory granule] GO:0031665 [negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0032680 [regulation of tumor necrosis factor production] GO:0032780 [negative regulation of ATPase activity] GO:0033214 [iron assimilation by chelation and transport] GO:0033690 [positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation] GO:0034145 [positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway] GO:0035580 [specific granule lumen] GO:0042581 [specific granule] GO:0042742 [defense response to bacterium] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043123 [positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043234 [protein complex] GO:0043312 [neutrophil degranulation] GO:0043539 [protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity] GO:0044267 [cellular protein metabolic process] GO:0044793 [negative regulation by host of viral process] GO:0045071 [negative regulation of viral genome replication] GO:0045669 [positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0048525 [negative regulation of viral process] GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0055072 [iron ion homeostasis] GO:0060349 [bone morphogenesis] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:0071902 [positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0097013 [phagocytic vesicle lumen] GO:1900159 [positive regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation] GO:1900229 [negative regulation of single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism] GO:1902732 [positive regulation of chondrocyte proliferation] GO:1904724 [tertiary granule lumen] GO:2000308 [negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 11 production] GO:2001205 [negative regulation of osteoclast development]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
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